Indoor Air Pollution Case Study

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background Information

To achieve a title as developed county as par as the other developed counties, Malaysia need to overcome a few challenges. Those challenges are include rapid rate urbanization, degradation of environmental quality, insufficient transportation system and many more as stated in Malaysian National Urban Policy 2006 (Ministry of Housing and Local Government , 2006). However, rapid rate development has contributed to several environmental degradation such as; degradation of the water quality, air and ambient noise. Increasing of the population and high vehicle density on road has become the contributor to the environmental degradation especially in large cities as Kuala Lumpur.

Transportation

According to the study that have been conducted by Environmental Protection Agency 1990, indoor air pollution are considered as one of the top four environmental threat facing by the American nations (Kelly, S, 1992). EPA does estimate that the indoor air is generally five times more polluted than the ambient air. It does show that indoor air pollution is more dangerous than outdoor air pollution. Source of indoor air pollution may come from inside, outside the building, or within the building structure

KTM Komuter does have two lines and covered a longer distance compared to Light Rail Transit (LRT) that only operated in short distance. Thus, it is less frequent compared to the LRT. The first line is from Sentul to Port Klang and second line is from Rawang to Seremban. The operation time for KTM Komuter is from 5:30 am to 12:00 midnight daily. KTM Komuter does have different train interval during peak and non-peak hours. For peak hour, the interval is 15 minute and non-peak hour is 30 minutes (KTM Berhad, 2013). There is two rush hour which is morning rush hour and evening peak. Morning rush is from 5.30 a.m. to 9.30 a.m. meanwhile, the evening peak start from 3.30 p.m. to 8.00p.m (Mohamad,