ASSIGNMENT
Infectious diseases are conditions triggered by organisms which can be a virus, or bacteria, fungi and parasites just to mention a few. It is been confirmed from research and findings that many organisms live in and on our bodies even without us knowing them. Many of which are harmless or even helpful, but under certain conditions, tweaked or not, some may become harmful to our bodies and wellbeing ( (Mayo, 2014)).History of infectious diseases dates back to the bible during the Levitical era as recorded in the bible in the book of Leviticus, which says “The person afflicted with an infectious skin disease is to have his clothes torn and his hair hanging loose, and he must cover his mouth and cry out, 'Unclean, unclean!'”(HCSB,
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zero incidence of locally contracted cases, it can also be defined as the permanent reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of malaria infection caused by a specific agent; i.e. applies to a particular malaria parasite species. (RollbackMalaria, 2012). On the basis of reported cases for 2013, it was reported that 55 countries are on track to reduce their malaria case incidence rates by 75%, in line with World Health Assembly targets for 2015. Large-scale use of WHO-recommended strategies, currently available tools, strong national commitments, and coordinated efforts with partners, will enable more countries – particularly those where malaria transmission is low and unstable – to reduce their disease burden and progress towards elimination. (WHO, …show more content…
As an examples, if a person contracts malaria, goes for treatment and recovers, it does not necessarily mean the person cannot get infected with malaria in the future. This fact makes finding a fool-proof vaccine for malaria unlikely. With a viral disease like measles, one vaccine is enough for a life time and the body creates immunity to the virus based on the vaccines, which is not the case with the malaria parasite, the body can't develop this same immunity because the malaria parasite continually changes. (Nagel,
TASK 2 Infectious diseases are the invasion of host organisms, (microbes) which can be invisible to the eyes. The microbes are also known as pathogens. A microbe infects an organism (which is known as the host of the microbe). In a human host, the microorganism causes a disease by either disrupting an important body process or by stimulating the immune system to mount a defensive reaction. The pathogen, interferes with the normal functioning of the host and can lead to chronic wounds, gangrene, loss of an infected limb, and even death.
A portion of the illnesses that the Locals abruptly needed to manage are chicken pox, measles, typhus, jungle fever, whooping hack and little pox. Since huge numbers of these maladies were transferable through air and touch, this made it much less demanding for these sicknesses to be transmitted from individual to individual. Out of the considerable number of sicknesses little pox seemed to have been the most decimating to the Locals. One of the fundamental explanations behind this was it was frequently misdiagnosed for being another
With so many people were dying already from the disease grief was high. Medication at the time was no wear near what it is in present times. The health statue of Europe was falling and the large masses of people who were dying began to raise horror in people. To correspond with that many people had little to no knowledge of cleanliness and how it can affect heath.
The Infection Era began in 1775 and continued until 1918.1This era was characterized by fatalities as a result of infectious diseases. Diseases weakened troops and increased their vulnerability in battle. According to military hygienist Alfred A.Woodhull “the sick are for the time as ineffective as the dead. ”2Disease spread rampantly throughout over crowded camps in which there was a lack of sanitation and disposal of wastes. Soldiers and doctors practiced poor hygiene, which helped spread disease.
For example, cancer is a deadly disease and there has yet to be a cure discovered for it. Scientists are constantly looking
However, diseases began to impact populations more than previously imaginable. For example, syphilis became dangerous
¨There came among us a great sickness,a general plague. It raged among us, killing vast numbers of people¨ (Doc.2). The Spaniards brought smallpox
Diseases such as syphilis were introduced to the Europeans. These diseases were spread by sexual contact between sailors and setters with the Natives. After being exposed by the Natives, the sailors and setter would go back to Europe and exposing the diseases there. There were no cure to syphilis and Europeans who were exposed had to die a painful death before going insane.
The doctors were unsanitary. They didn’t wash their instruments at all. This caused diseases to quickly spread. But the doctors did a lot for the little amount of knowledge they knew about diseases and their lack of effective medicines. Hospitals were also unsanitary.
On the other hand, Europeans didn’t have the same effect when they came in contact with these diseases. Exposed to the diseases at an early age, Europeans were mostly to fully immune. With the devastating effects of disease, native culture was starting to change. Persuaded that their native gods have abandoned them, many natives converted to Christianity. Forced by disease, natives usually married relatives that survived the diseases since appropriate partners were scarce.
Biologist Irwin Sherman (2007) lists venereal syphilis as one of the twelve diseases that changed the world. Within five years of arrival to Europe the disease was an
These diseases were spread throughout many military camps because of poor sanitation, lack of clean living quarters, over-crowded camps, poor nutrition, and lack of shelter and clothing. A few of the most common methods used by physician to “cure” these
Soon after 1492, sailors unknowingly introduced diseases into the New World, such as smallpox, measles, mumps, whooping cough, influenza, chicken pox, and typhus to the Americas. People who lived in Afro-Eurasia had developed some immunities to these diseases because they had long existed among most Afro-Eurasian populations. However these new diseases were introduced to American populations that had no prior experience of them and had no such immunities to them. On their return home, European sailors brought syphilis to Europe. Although less deadly, the disease was known to have caused great social disruption throughout the Old
The arrival of Christopher Columbus to the Americas in 1492, started what may be described as a wave of infectious disease and death. With the discovery of the New World came a flood of colonist and conquistadors. As the Europeans explored and discovered foreign unknown lands, the natives had to deal with a foreign matter of their own. “Europeans and the African Slaves they brought inadvertently carried bacteria and viruses across the Atlantic that Native Americans had never encountered. ”(Campbell, 2008, p.3).
Transmission occurs in large areas of Africa, central and South America, the Caribbean, Asia, Eastern Europe and the South Pacific. The body’s natural defence mechanisms that fight malarial parasites are more common in populations of people, that are continually exposed to the parasite. Also for individuals with inherited conditions such as sickle cell anaemia and Thalassaemia, which are in fact conditions in which cause abnormalities in the red blood cells. It is also found within people that come from regions impacted by malaria.