The return of Martin Guerre is a true story dealing with identity theft. This event took place in Artigat in Southern France. Martin Guerre was a peasant that disappeared for several years and was believed to have returned. However, it turned out to be an imposter. People believed the imposter was Martin until a few people stated they knew that it was not him. The imposter was later executed. At the same time the real Martin Guerre showed up. In this era peasants did have some power in shaping and re shaping their own lives. Some of the best examples come from the Guerre family. The kinds of power they had were: being a part of a village with no manorial dues or owed manorial services (), being a rural merchant, and owning enough land
Prior to 1550, the European continent was dominated by Catholicism and had been for centuries. However, Protestantism first introduced by Martin Luther had begun to make inroads in the Holy Roman Empire and Nordic countries. Despite the growing popularity of these new religions, the majority of monarchs saw religious diversity as a weakness. Instead, most rulers pursued Religious uniformity to ensure political stability and strength. Examples of monarchs attempting to achieve religious university abound from Charles V in the Holy Roman Empire and Spain, to Rome, and to England. Charles V launched military campaigns to weed out Lutheranism and employed the Spanish Inquisition to target members of other faiths. The Pope in the Papal States would
In the early 1500s there were both economic and religious causes of German peasants revolts along with negative and positive responses to these rebellions. Germany in the early 1500s was fragmented by religion and social class. Revolts among the lower classes became relevant after the Renaissance, the posting of Martin Luther’s 95 theses in 1517, and after the Edict and Diet of Worms in 1521. Since the idea of humanism and the formation of the Protestant branch of religion, the peasants of Germany were dissatisfied with their religious and economic lives which led to revolts. As a result, several world leaders opinionated their different views which consisted of wether the rebellions in Germany were harmful or beneficial to the community.
The Protestant Reformation began with a movement made by a monk simply to criticize and challenge the actions of the Church. From the disapproval of selling indulgence to the demand of equality, multiple forces have sparked the inception of the Protestant Revolution. Martin Luther’s decision to take public stand against the Church was revolutionary to the society. A movement for religious reforms, known as the Protestant Reformation, was born. Luther’s beliefs were soon adopted by and appealed to every levels of society. The opposition Luther took against the Church soon had an instant impact on peasants. Individuals began to form opinions on both political and religious fields, but they had failed to interpret the beliefs of Luther correctly.
Luther’s radical new ideas regarding religion excited the peasants of the German states and his ideas stated in documents such as his 95 theses acted as a catalyst for the revolts that erupted in the lower class between the years 1524 and 1526. Peasants believed the cause of these revolts were the mistreatment they received from their lords and ruling princes. Their acts of revolution were largely based on new radical ideas surrounding religion, and some even saw it as God’s will. A third cause cited by the peasants was a need for their release from serfdom. The nobility believed in differing causes and claimed that the peasants revolted because they were led astray by devilish and unchristian beliefs, and wanted to repress the lords and
Luther believed that the Church had abused its power and position by manipulating the common people for their own gain. He believed that salvation is
Religion has the power to positively or negatively affect a civilization, depending on how it is practiced. Religion can often unify people because everyone agrees on a higher power, but it can also cause conflict when people all believe that their religion is the only “correct” one. Ancient civilizations, such as the Islamic and Mauryan Empires have been impacted by religion. Religion also impacts different regions today, especially Iran. As proven throughout history, an empire’s religion can promote morality and a strengthened society; however, religion can also create conflict that creates a decline in morals in society.
After the Renaissance, Europe began to enter into an age of reformation as several individuals strongly opposed of the church’s teachings. In particular, the Protestant Reformation was inspired by Martin Luther, a theologian and monk, that sought to reform the Catholic church with his Ninety-Five Theses along with the aid of the printing press. The main cause of the Protestant Reformation was the church practice of selling indulgences and Luther’s response to their practices. The rise of social revolutions like the Radical Reformation and the Peasants’ Revolt and new forms of Christianity such as Lutheranism and Calvinism resulted from the Protestant Reformation.
During the eighteenth century, people were angry and miserable. They sought for alternatives in the way they were living, and how they existed in society. Many minority groups revolted against their governments or people of authority because they felt as if they were being treated unfairly. In other words, the government was not treating everyone as equals. Not everyone had the right to own property, vote, and some did not have the right to freedom of speech. If you were the slave, rather than the slave owner, you were poor and very dependent on your owner for survival but worked in harsh conditions with little to no pay. New ideas of enlightenment eventually led to a society where equality became more apparent
Starting in 1517, there was a schism between people and their minds. These people fought for what they believed no matter how similar or how different, however, the battles fought between the factions were justified by any means necessary. The battles took great tolls on both sides, over fifty million people were killed. This discrepancy in belief was called the Protestant Reformation, started by Martin Luther. The main two factions of the Reformation were the Protestants and the Papacy; the Papacy having the backing of Spain and all of the corrupt rulers that wanted power and Martin Luther and his Protestants having the backing of princes and rulers looking for opportunity in political and financial front, though some of Luther’s backers did
However, Henry VIII’s motive to break away from the church stemmed from his desire for a son and Luther’s motive stemmed from the church’s corruption. Although both their methods to bring about change during the reformation succeeded, their beliefs had consequences. Luther unintentionally spurred the ideas of the Peasant Wars, where the lower class wanted to dissolve the social hierarchy and hoped that he would support their actions. However, Luther refused to be associated with their rebellion and asked the princes to crush them. His actions led to the fragmentation of Germany and his support from the German princes. However, Henry VIII’s actions led to his three heirs, who helped transform the church; Edward VI wrote the first Book of Common Prayer that became the order for all services in the church of England, Mary Tudor decided to bring the nation back to Catholicism, and Elizabeth I inaugurated the beginning of religious stability in the Anglican Church. Although King Henry VIII changed the legality of the Church, he did not bring about revolutionary religious change in comparison to Martin Luther. Martin Luther’s writings caused the Protestant Reformation. His main ideas of the Bible being the primary source of religious authority and his justification through faith, shaped
When the Protestant Reformation occurred, it had a large effect on western civilization. The Protestant Reformation was the 16th century when Martin Luther wanted to increase life and develop the right way within the churches. The Protestant Reformation changed life for people for Europe by the changes with religion, gender, and class.
Religion and its various ideologies played a key role in advancing the authority of the Ottoman and Catholic Europe; it also influenced the way they confronted outside powers and people from other religions.
Religion in Western civilization has undoubtedly played a pivotal role in shaping and developing Western society. Regardless of the form of religion, such as polytheism or monotheism, people in ancient societies believed in a God or Gods. This belief in a higher power was an important part of human progression and expansion. Religion was the backbone of Western civilization and has always been a very important foundation of culture, schooling, philosophy, art, and social interaction. Before Judaism and Christianity, philosophers such as Aristotle ponder the thought of a higher power and in his book Metaphysics wrote about eternal motion was an unmoved mover. Throughout time and from the expansion of ancient people, new religions formed from the thoughts of morality and virtue. With the help
During the Middle Ages, the prevailing system of government was feudalism. Under feudalism, there was the use of a definite social structure. People were born into a social class and usually stayed in that class for the rest of their life. The three social classes were the nobility, clergy, and peasantry and each of these classes had different roles to perform in the society.