1.2 Statement of Research Problem
An informal settlement is mundane issue that has attracted vast amount of researches and discussions in the world today. Informal (squatter) settlements are a fact of life on the outskirts of many cities in the world, whether small, large or medium size (Benitez et al. 2012). The increase in the development of informal settlements has posed a number of problems to both authorities and the residents. Such problems include inadequate infrastructural facilities, insecurity of life and property, urban waste management problems, environmental degradation and urban mobility problem. These settlements are also with environmental disaster, social unrest, poverty and marginalization. As pointed out by Osuide and
…show more content…
Hence, from a theoretical perspective, it can be stated that while a lot of research works have been done on informal settlements, but shortage of literature of knowledge and information gaps on the on effects of informal settlements with respect to neighbouring planned communities, taking Kosofe local government as a case study.
My study will seek to unravel the root causes and consequences of informal settlements suggest ways and means of mitigating these circumstances.
1.3 Justification of Study
Researchers have revealed that urbanization and absence of housing have contributed to informal settlements. The rise has compounded and seen as a threat to urban world. Hence, the need to address these discrepancies and innovative way to mitigate the effects of informal settlements on planned communities.
1.4 Aims and Objectives
1.4.1 Aim:
The study aims to identify the factors that have aided proliferation of informal settlements development and to find the effects urban informal settlements on neighbouring planned communities.
1.4.2
…show more content…
To know how informal settlements affect planned communities.
4. To evaluate the physical characteristics of residential buildings within the study area.
1.5 Research Hypotheses
A research hypothesis was set for this study. The hypotheses examine the relationship between informal settlements and neighbouring planned communities in the area of study.
Null hypotheses (Ho)- There are no relationships between effect of informal settlement and neighbouring planned communities in the area of study.
Alternative hypotheses (Hi)- There are relationships between effect of informal settlements and neighbouring planned communities in the area of study.
1.6 Scope of the Study
The study covers Kosofe local Government Area. Specifically, to find out the effects of informal settlements on neighbouring planned communities in the area of study. Also, to carry out investigation of the existed and predicted problems that are likely to have impact on planned communities.
1.7 Definition of Relevant Terms
Informal settlements: Based on the UN Habitat definition, these include spontaneous, irregular, unplanned, marginal, and squatter settlements where a group of housing units has been constructed on land to which the occupants have no legal claim, or which they occupy illegally. Housing in these areas does not comply with existing planning and building
Title 24 California is the 24th portion of the California Code of Regulations (CCR). CCR are the newest rules that have been handed from the California Legislature in 1978. Before that time, the state was regulated by administrative codes. Nevertheless, it's significant to see that regulations are much diverse from laws. Like a method to increase the present regulations, the legislature wanted to include more requirements to apply the existing regulations of California.
The resources such as rice or indigo could suffer from a bad growing season, causing farm owners to lose money. The wildlife in the area could also be a problem, as most were beasts of prey. Natives would often cause trouble and vandalize settlements. Diseases were trouble, as they could kill. But with a can do attitude, the city of Charles Town was
The survival of these new migrants was dependent on the natural environment of the land. This heavily influenced their way of life. For instance, the frequent deserts between areas created an uneven population spread in the West (Document A). In areas with abundant natural resources and favorable conditions, large populations would be conglomerated, such as in the case of San Francisco (Document D). Such areas economically flourished, while the more desolate areas are comparatively underdeveloped to this day.
The homes lacked stability or any regard for sanitation, which lead to disease and harm to the dwellers. Document 11 describes the industrial towns as, “[unpaved streets], full of holes, filthy and strewn with refuse” and Document 10 elaborates by stating, “that the annual loss of life from filth and bad ventilation are greater than the loss from death or wounds in any wars”. The poor construction and sanitation stems from the need to quickly build the homes to quickly house the workers. Through urbanization, resulting from the Industrial Revolution, the towns became overpopulated at exhausting rates and only worsened the issues at hand. Had the industry not boomed so quickly, there would have been ample opportunity to ensure safe and clean living conditions, which in turn would have resulted in less death and disease to the
When Holmes talks about Skagit Valley he mentions how a few thousand people migrate over there and they live in poor conditions for “several months in squatter shacks made of cardboard, plastic sheets, and broken down cars or in company-owned labor camps, often in close proximity to the multilevel houses of the local upper class that have picturesque views of the valley” (pg 47). This example demonstrates how class comes to play. Holmes goes into greater detail about the living explaining how the tin roofs of the living place would heat the rooms over 100 degrees and how at night the rooms would decrease in temperature all the way down to 32 degrees. These types of living conditions can lead to health problems and can be seen as structural violence and can also be related to what was talked about in lecture about exploitation. These migrants are being exploited because they are being paid poorly and given poor living conditions.
As people flooded into the cities in search of work, housing became scarce and overcrowded. Many people were forced to live in slums, where they were crowded into small and unsanitary apartments. The lack of proper sanitation and clean water led to widespread disease and illness, and many people were forced to live in overcrowded and unsanitary conditions that contributed to the spread of infectious diseases. In document J you can see how small the houses are and how crowded it is. Not only is it crowded and small but it is also unsanitary.
Topic: Latino youth in the foster care system Research question: How do the relationships that primarily lead low-income Latino youth into foster care systems initiate. • I used the word relationships because I’m not talking about a relationship between a father and a son or a father daughter relationship. I’m addressing the relationships between the families as a whole. • I used the word primarily because I will be looking into the top three reasons why youth get sent into foster care systems.
With little more money than homeless folk, many underprivileged people reside in slums where the streets are broken and the homes are falling apart. Alana Semuels reports in her article that “living in slums is rising at an extraordinary pace”, mostly due to urban sprawling and demands for capital in cities (Semuels). The problem for many of the packed and overcrowded towns is that they are “without sanitary water or basic roads”(Semuels), causing great burdens and peril for citizens. Due to the unkempt resources, birth rates in slums tend to be lower than those in other areas while life expectancy will be shorter. Even with the creation of many government programs, such as those that place people in newly-built affordable housing, the abandoned neighborhoods still require maintenance or a crisis like a poor child “eating lead paint,” because “the building had not been updated since the 60’s”(Semuels).
The Progressive Era was a period of major causes and various movements, where reformers and different advocates from different backgrounds and with very different agendas mind sets followed their goals for a better America. The Progressive Movement came about on a local and state level around the 1890’s. The Progressive movement became a force on the local level around the 1890’s because of movements like The Social Settlement Movement. The City Governments caused some of the first successes for Progressive reformers. They Exposed city officials, and replaced some of their leaders.
I would like to propose starting a settlement house on the lower eastside of Manhattan. If it is approved I will name it the Manhattan Shelter. I will need funding from wealthy sponsors and charities to begin this project if it is approved. Many believe that poverty results from the laziness of the poor and poor character, but providing those less fortunate with a place to live will result in them getting an education so that they may work more efficiently and therefore help raise the economy from the depression we are experiencing. “Low earnings, irregular employment, large families, sickness and old age were the root causes of poverty in the nineteenth century rather than intemperance or idleness.
The conclusions of gentrification has shifted in recent years, whether it stands for its moral or corrupt. In the course text from the Sharon Zukin’s article, “Naked City: The City That Lost Its Soul”, argues that gentrification is often detrimental to low income/longtime residents, destruction and the end of old authentic neighborhoods. Zukin argues, based on the facts on white-collar men and women have taken up all space, development of new residents and creating a cultural/economic barrier between rich and poor, young and old. Vice Versa, according to recent studies and new formulas of gentrification, it is an effective urban planning strategy because it minimizes the growth of slums, prevents crime and causes growth in the economy. Therefore,
The topics include for example the poverty caused by the
Overcrowding has been an issue for decades; however, due to growing population sizes, its negative social consequences are progressively worsening. Overcrowding is most commonly seen in cities and other urban developments. Cities attract people for many different reasons. As Steven E. Barkan, a professor in Sociology at the University of Maine, explains, cities provide it all: entertainment, cultural attractions, and employment opportunities (Barkan, 2012). Similarly, living in a city allows for easy access to public transportation, businesses, and other necessities.
The Effects of Growing up in Poverty Poverty is not a new phenomenon we are dealing with. It has been an issue from the foretime till now. Poverty gradually has continued and changed its form in a different manner that has created many problems for the new generations, for example, in the old days poverty implicated to lack land and food, but nowadays, poverty means lack of education, lack of food and water, lack of money and much more. The main cause of poverty is a lack of money or income which has created a very critical situation in local and international society. These critical situations are child labor, hunger, health problems and much more that we are dealing with nowadays.
Industrial and capital hubs in developing countries are similarly characterized by multiple urban sprawls, informal settlements and overcrowding. The local governments or municipalities in many developing countries are highly challenged by mainly poor or weak policy and legislative provisions to regulate and enforce waste management guidelines. They also lack adequate funding and the correct capacity in terms of waste management personnel. All these challenges lead to situations where these local authorities are failing to take effective decisions with regards to solid waste management. It is worth noting that the decisions which municipalities are facing in terms of managing solid waste are not only difficult and capital intensive but they impact greatly on the natural environment as well as on social lives of people, therefore solutions to this issue are a matter of