Collection and Prepration of the Inoculum The fecal matter was collected from naturally infected sheep and it was examined for Eimeria oocysts by a coverglass flotation method using Sheather's sugar solution to concentrate the oocysts (Sloss and Kemp, 1978.). The infected fecal material was mixed in 2.5 % potassium dichromate solution and was left for sporulation at room temperature for one week. The sporulated oocysts were subsequently quantified using the Mc master technique (Maff, 1986). A strict morphological criterion was used to specify Eimeria species present depending on the morphometric character according to Levine and Ivens (1986). Experimental Animals Thirty healthy lambs aged from 4-6 months, free …show more content…
One hundered ml of representative sample of rumen liquor was brought immediately to the laboratory in a closed container tightened with a rubber stopper to sustain anaerobic condition during transport. Samples of rumen liquor were sieved between two layers of gauze to remove debris. Two 5ml duplicate liquor were separately taken and diluted five times by saline solution and lugol's iodine to fix and stain protozoan cell. 0.1ml of the diluted ruminal fluid was poured on a clean glass slide which was then covered by a clean cover slide. The total protozoa count / 1ml = average count in 30 field X 1173 (area of the cover slide X 50). Each of the two duplicates was counted and the average was taken (Abou El-Naga 1967). Evaluation of the viability of the ruminal protozoa was done by counting the proportion of motile ciliates under microscope (Nsabimana et al. …show more content…
The examined blood parameters were total leucocytic count (WBCs), lymphocytes count , monocytes count, granulocytes count, total erthrocytic count (RBCs), hemoglobin concentration (Hb), haematocrit concentration (HCT) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC). The reference normal level of the blood parameters of sheep was in accordance to Radostits et al.
Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA) plate, MacConkey agar (MC) plate, Eosin Methylene Blue agar (EMB), and Hektoen Enteric Agar (HEA) (3). The MacConkey agar plate and the Mannitol Salt agar plate are both used in the identification of the unknown. The MC plate is a selective and differential medium. It is considered a selective medium because the bile salts and crystal violet aspect of the medium prevent the growth of gram positive bacteria (3). This medium is differential because of the lactose and neutral red.
I expect to learn the biochemical differences in bacteria from this lab. Also, how to identify different species of bacteria. Material & Methods For the first day of the practical, an unknown specimen was provided
A starch agar plate was inoculated with a streak of the unknown bacteria and then incubated. On the second day of incubation, the plate was removed from the incubator and placed over a hot plate heating Iodine solids. The smoke of the Iodine stained the plate to display the presence or absence of a halo around the bacteria 2.12 Lipid Hydrolysis This test was done by making a single line streak inoculation on a tributyrin agar plate and allowing incubation. After the incubation period, the plate was observed for the presence or absence of a halo around the bacteria.
In the summer of 2015, a pink-eye (conjunctivitis) outbreak occurred on the family ranch. This was the greatest challenge I have faced in my beef production SAE. Many of the family cattle as well as many of my own cattle were infected with the contagious bacteria or virus. The outbreak was spreading quickly and if left untreated would blind infected animals, infected animals would also not be able to be sold. The correct vaccine would need to be found through research and administered to infected animals.
In the laboratory, identification of an unknown bacterium is often necessary. In the lab, a random sample consisting of three different bacteria was selected. The sample contained one gram-positive, one gram-negative paracolon, and one gram-negative coliform. The purpose of the experiment is to identify each of the three species that the mixture contained. After receiving an unknown mixture, the sample was streaked for isolation onto TSA, blood agar, and MacConkey plates.
Great observation, in the reading I found several shocking events in our reading and unfortunately, I wasn’t able to elaborate on each one, but I agree with your surprising event that, slavery existed long before the Europeans arrived on the shores of West Africa and long before the 20 slaves arrived in Jamestown in 1619 (Robin, Kelley & Lewis, 2005,). For the most part, in my earlier education my understanding that slavery started when Christopher Columbus discover America. Therefore, to learned in the reading that other Africans were assisting the Europeans in capturing fellow Africans from different tribes made me angry. Therefore, when I read the story about Olauda Equiano were kidnap by Africans from different tribe really gave me a clear
Giardia lamblia may infect human through ingesting of it cysts. Hence, people with low hygiene and contaminated water supply have high risk of being infected. Giardia lamblia is difficult to detect especially using the conventional method . Those few researches was done to improve the findings of this parasite. One of the most effective and precise method was molecular analysis.
The aim of the experiment was to test what effects that ethanol solution has on the membrane permeability of B. Vulgaris. The B. Vulgaris samples were approximately 1cm3. They were kept the same size to ensure accurate results. A control test was conducted in distilled water to obtain a result to compare. The ethanol treatments were 40% and 70%.
Unknown #10 produced no identifiable macroscopic characteristics as a broth, so the first step was to Gram stain a loopful to determine the microscopic characteristics. Gram staining not only helped identify Unknown #10’s microscopic morphology but it also helped ensure the specimen was a pure culture—no other bacteria were visible when Unknown #10 was Gram stained and observed under the microscope. Unknown #10’s key microscopic morphology was that it was a very small, Gram negative bacillus. Though bacilli can possibly form endospores, no empty white centers were visible which suggested that Unknown #10 was not an endospore forming bacteria. No quick endospore stain was performed to validate this assumption since only one assigned organism was endospore forming and unlike Unknown #10, that organism was Gram positive.
25 medical words pertaining to the blood, lymphatic and cardiovascular system. 1. Hypercalcemia is a condition where the blood contains too much calcium. 2. Myoglobin is a type of protein that transport oxygen to the muscle.
The second ½ of the organism was used for gram staining. The gram stain method was performed on the unknown organism per lab manual page 42 and two gram stain reactions were identified. Organism B was gram positive cocci in grape like clusters. Because organism B was positive I could eliminate Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes and Proteus vulgaris because these bacteria would be rod shapes. Organism A was gram negative pink rod shaped and because of gram positive morphology I could eliminate Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus lactis and Bacillus subtilis.
The B. Vulgaris samples were approximately 1cm3. They were kept the same size to ensure accurate results. A control test was conducted in distilled water to obtain a result to compare. The ethanol treatments were 40% and 70%. To prepare the solutions a 70% ethanol solution was used to make 40%.
INTRODUCTION Millipedes and centipedes are found under the class myriapoda. During the ancients they were known as harmful to humans on account of their poison bite. This class is the most widely distributed and are found in most parts of the world. Some writers have supposed that the world which is translated in the bible is really scolopendra which is a genus for centipedes and his made the centipedes to be the earliest mentioned of the myriapods. Centipedes were noticed in the in the classical times.
Biochemical tests are the tests used for the identification of bacterial species based on the differences in the biochemical activities of different bacteria. Bacterial physiology differs from one species to the other. These differences in carbohydrate metabolism, protein metabolism, fat metabolism, production of certain enzymes and ability to utilize a particular compound help them to be identified by the biochemical tests. Gram’s stain was originally devised by histologist Hans Christian Gram in 1884. Gram-positive bacteria stain purple, while Gram-negative bacteria stain pink when subjected to Gram staining.
ABSTRACT This paper scrutinises on the importance of agglutination reactions in clinical testing and diagnosis of various diseases. The ability of various antigens and antibodies to agglutinate when mixed in desired environment has been used as the basis to detect the presence of respective antigens in body. It focuses on importance of this method as it gives the results faster than various other methods and provides visible results. Diagnosis of various diseases can be done by this method provided the antibodies are present in blood, urine, plasma or fluid of bone marrow.