Institutional Racial Discrimination: A Case Study

Institutional discrimination is when laws favor a dominant group while minority groups are not favored, and this thought process is embedded into the norms of society. The pattern that we see in the history of Native American and African Americans is that white Americans always believed that they were the dominant race and all laws that were created, were made to favor only themselves. One idea that white Americans shared was that both ethnic groups previously mentioned were inferior and that these groups were not capable of coexisting with them. These thoughts were embedded into society early on and were the main justification for both slavery and Indian removal.

Policies at the state level to promote equity in educational and employment opportunities can help reduce the disparities that divide women along racial and socioeconomic lines. In addition, since future studies continue to focus on the structural racism as a practical and political system to maintain institutional racial inequality, it can begin to see progress towards systemic solutions to the traditional health disparities correspondence should be sent to Pauline Mendola, PhD, Epidemiology, Division of Intramural Research of Population Health, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human

Many low-income families don’t have a vehicle so they have to eat nearby fast food and/or convenience store foods. “ Multiple studies in cities and rural communities have shown a correlation between the availability of healthful food and diet-related health, specifically obesity, a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Longer-term studies could back that up soon. The American Diabetes Association's recent scientific statement on the "socioecological determinants" of prediabetes and type 2 diabetes cited similar findings” ( Wahowiak

One example of institutionalized racism that was demonstrated in 13th is the mass incarcerations of minorities. I think it is a problem not only because there is a disproportionate amount of minorities but also because people do not realize this is happening. It is institutionalized racism because after being in prison these minorities cannot vote or get a job and therefore puts them at a disadvantage. I think getting people to realize this problem is the first step to address it but I am not sure what should happen next.

This is a perfect example of institutional racism where youth come from low- income families are place in environments to set to fail. On the other hand, youth that come from affluent families are given opportunities and resources where they are set to be successful in their education. In the graph given it shows that in 2013 in LAUSD only 77percent of seniors graduated; nevertheless, at SMMUSD 93.5 of their seniors graduated. the core problem with current school policies is that they are not applied equally nor they are set up to motivate youth of color to engage

In the United States, some factors of obtaining success in life can be determined by racial status and where they reside. Unfortunately, some minority groups do not get the opportunity to access the benefits of a stable community due to racial residential segregation. This process was created from racial prejudice to isolate minorities from white homeowners. Sociologists such as Gregory Squires, Charis E. Kubrin, and Camille Zubrinsky Charles have created theories to how segregation hurts the community. They discovered that its effects the communities social/ economic wealth and it mostly hurts the African American community.

Living in underprivileged neighborhoods creates a lot of stress on community members that predispose them to contracting diseases. Epidemiologist, Ana Diez-Roux, states that people living in disadvantaged neighborhoods have a 50% to 80% increased risk of developing heart disease. An improvement of health policies is required to for disadvantaged neighborhoods to

Racism is an ongoing issue which had been taking place for centuries. Racism can take various forms, direct, indirect, individual or institutional. Institutional racism however, has been questioned frequently recently in light of criminal justice system, especially and more noticeably in the US now, where many believe the police is treating/handling black people unfairly comparing to other ethnic groups. According to Macpherson (1999) institutional racism is where organisation does not provide appropriate service due to someone’s colour, culture or ethnic origin, and can take form of racial discrimination in forms of attitudes, behaviours and processes. Macpherson developed this definition when undertaking an inquiry of Stephen Lawrence, a black child who was murdered

A system that is built upon discrimination will continue to discriminate until major interventions are devised and upheld throughout the community (Reskin, 2012). Badger (2016) explains that after recent peaceful protests in Baltimore, the mayor spoke out and blamed “thugs” for these “riots”. The protest aimed to explain citizen’s frustrations with the institutions oppressing them, and exemplify the significance of how interrelated disparities are in communities (Badger, 2012). The mayor failed to acknowledge that we have created slums and prolonged the poverty in these neighborhoods. She ignored that disparities are all connected, such that living in a poor neighborhood typically leads to a poor education, then to a very low level job, and that then inherently lowers their health outcomes (Massey and Denton, 1993).

For those who may not have as large of an income as other Canadians, access to to healthy food can be difficult. Prepackaged and and fast food tend to be more readily available and a cheaper alternative to nutritious options. In turn, the consumption of fast food and prepackaged food can lead to many health issues, such as obesity, diabetes, or high blood pressure. Another area of underlying health contributors is living conditions. Those who are living in low socio-economic status may have living conditions that expose more health risk factors.

The degree of residential segregation remains high for most African Americans in the U.S. The primary cause of racial differences in socioeconomic status is by determining

For individual discrimination, it is mainly that through our personal experiences and lessons learned and received in the past, to prejudiced another person. At the same time, institutional discrimination usually produce prejudice to the most of large institutions and organizations for part of the race and ethnic. In current society, individual discrimination is often released in the color issue today; we often are isolated by our own color. Sometimes, people who the white drive in the cars are easier to get forgiveness and understanding of police officers, but for other color race, these people usually tend to be suspects by other people. On the other hand, institutional discrimination is mainly manifested in several areas: economy, education,

“ According to the National Association of Social Workers Web site, racism is “the ideology or practice through demonstrated power or perceived superiority of one group over others by reasons of race, color, ethnicity, or cultural heritage....” The definition further goes on to note that “racism is manifested at the individual, group, and institutional level.” (Blank, 2013) Despite how much time has passed by, racism continues to be a huge issue today. We see it every day, some have even been confronted by racial discrimination, or racial slurs even. We see how the system could be for example: how blacks continue to get more severe punishments or blacks have higher the chance to get criminally sentenced than whites.

Do people discriminate others to hurt them or they do not realize what their actions are doing? Racial discrimination is when a person is treated less favorably than another person in a similar situation because of their race, colour, descent, national or ethnic origin or immigrant status. One of the biggest discrimination in this country is racial discrimination towards Latinos and people of color. Racial discrimination has become a part of everyday life in America. We have to stop this hatred in our country because this country is based on freedom, peace, and home of immigrants.

Previous literature explores the history of institutionalized racism and cultural hegemony in the United States and academic institutions. Additionally, the literature delineates the ramifications racism and discrimination have on minority students and students of color in regards to their social, psychological, and physical health. Finally, the literature explicates the obligations universities have as agents of change, particularly in an increasingly multicultural America, where racial backlash and cultural resentment continue to grow more frequent. The existing racism and cultural hegemony taking place on today’s university campuses are a symptom of a much larger structural and institutional history of American racism, segregation and