nurture aspects of child development. The argument of the paper is to show the larger influence nurture has on the behaviour of individuals, especially children as compared to the nature(genes and inheritance) of an individual. Though, both nature and nurture have good points to support their stances, it is argued that a person’s environment and surrounding have a greater influence on their development rather than the genes they inherit even though both of them play vital roles in the overall formation and developmental process. This viewpoint is shared by many behaviourists and psychologists. Nature, the physiological aspect of the debate believes that behaviour is innate rather than learned.
The children's IQ's were somewhat predicted by their natural mothers' IQ's but not by their adoptive parents IQ's, even though they had spent their entire childhoods with the latter. This shows, like the twin studies of IQ, that there is a substantial genetic component in what is measured in IQ testing. Cyril Burt conducted the most significant twin studies. His results showed that intelligence is indeed inherited. His results brought about the 11+ system in the UK as intelligence was seen to
During this assignment, I will be discussing how a child or young person's development can be affected by their nature and their nurture. Our nature is what biological make-up we inherited from our parents, whether the pigmentation of our hair or inherited diseases. Our nurture is the upbringing we had as a child, what we were taught from our parents, right from wrong, and our morals. These key issues are important when considering a child or young person's development, as both their nature and nurture has affected and influenced their development. Within settings, the Nature Vs Nurture debate could affect the practice.
This definition of intelligence shares some parallels with the definition of intelligence in society, however there are certain significant differences. In a society where intelligence is defined by Keye’s portrayal in the short story, many groups including creative and humanitie fields would be excluded from being viewed as intelligent. Certain other groups within society may be viewed as more intelligent, for example the pay and social status of teachers would increase because Keyes values them and consider them at a level of intelligence similar to doctors and scientists, which are seen as the most intelligent in his story. This exclusion of a large portion of the population from being seen as intelligent, which is also correlated with social status would cause these people as a whole to be oppressed by society. Society is heavily reliant on many of the people who would be viewed as unintelligent and would begin to feel dismissed and oppressed by society, and would band together to incite change for the betterment of their lives and society as a whole.
Inter-personal Intelligence, the ability to understand and interact effectively with others. Intra-personal Intelligence, the capacity to understand oneself and one’s thoughts and feelings and use this knowledge. This intelligence is very aware of their own feelings and are self-motivated (Gardener 1983). The eighth type of intelligence proposed by Gardner in 1995, is Naturalistic intelligence, the ability to recognise flora
Because many differential validity studies have smaller numbers of minority members as sample, it is important to look beyond statistical significance of validity coefficients. The same correlation can be statistically significant for one group but insignificant for another group. Intercept Bias is the name given when the test scores for individuals in a minority group systematically underestimate performance on a criterion (e.g., IQ predicting achievement) compared to the scores from those in the majority. A thorough job or task analysis and a test that provides scores meaningful to the particular job or task analyzed are important in reviewing items for such bias. However, researchers who study cultural differences in intelligence face a major challenge of balancing the desire to compare people from various cultures according to a standard measure with the need to assess people with reference to their own values and contexts, says Elena Grigorenko (Deputy Director of the Centre for the Psychology of Abilities, Competencies and Expertise at Yale).
Although, personality is unique to the individual, experts in the field of psychology have studied the idea that personality is somewhat based upon biology, therefore implying that the biological makeup plays a role in a person’s personality. Extensive research and indisputable evidence through long-term studies has supported the idea that personality is directly influenced by genetics. Evidence that supports the biological influence on personality development is based on direct evidence through the examination of genes and studies of individuals who have the same genetic makeup. Both identical and fraternal twins are good candidates and are commonly used for genetic studies in medical and psychology research. Throughout history, many twins have been placed in situations where they were raised in completely different environments, therefore they have been utilized in testing to determine the influence of genetics on every aspect of our composition.
Chapter-1 INTRODUCTION & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 1.0 INTRODUCTION: Intelligence is a word that describes ability of an individual to perform desired tasks well Over the years many people have come up with their own idea of intelligence which is based upon what they felt important. It has been a trend in the past for people to think that intelligence is correlated to academic achievement. According to it intelligence can be defined as the ability to perform well at linguistics, mathematics, logic and other school based academics. But recently there has been a switch to include a wider range of things in the definition of intelligence. These are such as problem solving skills, abstract reasoning, adaptability to environment, mental processing, speed, creativity, motivation, goal directed behaviour, sensory activity, and the ability to acquire knowledge as well as many other things.
Intelligence is an ability to understand objective things and solve problems by knowledge. It develops by knowledge and practice. In 1904, a British psychologist, Charles Spielman found that people who got high score in a specific test would also got high score in other tests. Although there are not much similar among those tests, Spielman believe it is convincing enough to say there is something that make a person always get high score, he called it General Intelligence [3]. Early research of intelligence test used age to calculate the intelligence of children(Binet and Simon).
INTRODUCTION: Intelligence and creativity are two chief mental abilities that largely influence the performances and accomplishments of individuals. Intelligence is considered as the “capability to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with the environment”, whereas creativity is regarded as the “ability to generate novel and useful ideas” (Neisser et al., 1996; Sternberg & Lubart, 1999; Wechsler, 1944).The relationship between intelligence and creativity is not fully recognized, although recent research proposes that intelligent people certainly crave higher levels of creativity. Research also implies that intelligence and creativity coincide, meaning that intelligent individuals have a high capacity for creativity, and vice versa. This is slightly contradicts to former ideas that implied creativity raises intelligence levels. It takes only a minimal amount of creativity to exploit on intelligence.