Intelligent Design Vs Darwinian Evolution

The notion that biodiversity is the result of dialectical adaptation over time was the cause of much outrage in Darwin’s time. The commonly held views and beliefs were challenged and many academics simply repudiated Darwin’s claims due to ideological objection and the various gaps in the theory. Initially Darwin’s theories were not widely accepted due to various holes in the theory such as the lack of clear gradual fossil records or a clear explanation of how the mechanisms that causes speciation work. Today Darwin’s theory of evolution is widely accepted as scientific fact as there have been a plethora of scientific and technological advancements that have filled various gaping holes in evolution theory, namely the discovery of DNA, RNA and

Once a paradigm shift occurs, the prior knowledge known to a scientist is rendered obsolete, and he/she is forced to adapt to the new concepts. As a result of the paradigm shift a change in consciousness of a person is achieved. Other than groundbreaking scientific discoveries, I believe that paradigm shift can be used to describe anthropological as well as sociological discoveries and changes that have occurred overtime, and are related to the consciousness of human beings. The shift from the belief of Adam and Eve being the first man and woman created by God, to the Darwinian Theory of Evolution, can be described as paradigm altering.

The struggle for existence is a widely known concept, and a term famously used by Charles Darwin in his writings. The struggle for existence refers to the many organisms on Earth and their constant competition with each other. One of the many ways life struggles with each other is overpopulation. Overpopulation is when one species grows rapidly or more than normal, over some short amount of time. In one of Darwin’s writings, we have to “... give it some advantage over a different set of competitors or enemies.”

The theory of evolution by natural selection and the evidence presented by Darwin. The evolution of biological organisms describes the changes within different populations which creates variability in their phenotypes and genotypes. The fundamental basis of evolution, is that every living individual is related by a common ancestor (Strickberger,2000.). Charles Darwin, in 1859, published one of the most credible and compelling theories of evolution, in his book ‘the origin of species’ (Darwin and Beer, 2008), which best explains the theory of natural selection.

In the field of developmental psychology, the highly controversial debate of nature versus nurture remains one of the most convoluted of all time. The phrase "Nature Versus Nurture" originated from the English polymath, Francis Galton, who in 1869 was convinced that intellectual ability was substantially inherited and that the inclination for “genius” to run in families was the consequence of a natural superiority (Galton was actually related to Charles Darwin). The term "nature" refers to the influence of inherited characteristics while "nurture" talks about the impact of one’s environment in human development. On one hand, there is a group that believes human beings behave the way they do due to their genetic predisposition. This group is usually made up of scientists because of the biology and chemistry involved.

The reason for this difference is because the natural sciences are based heavily on sense perception which is a generally imperfect way of knowing. Sense perception, as a way of knowing, is heavily influenced by many other ways of knowing including faith, emotion, intuition, reason, and language. Any variation in these five ways of knowing can influence sense perception and create a completely different knowledge claim. This can include confirmation bias as well, especially in biology. If a scientist is stressed by upcoming journal pressures and has a hypothesis that they strongly believe in, and sees anything remotely similar to the results they expect, then their interpretation of sense perception may be very different from a scientist with no emotional connection.

Ethical Issues in Genetic Engineering Özge Kayisoglu Matriculation Number: 4020722 ozge.kayisoglu@biotec.tu-dresden.de 1. Introduction In today’s society, genetic engineering is an increasingly important issue. Many genetically modified organisms (GMO’s) and the products of other GMO’s are currently used and consumed by humans, and research is continually conducted on ways to modify the genetic traits of organisms to better suit human lifestyles.

It is extremely difficult as we think of it as the biological principal code. But Lennox emphasizes that to think of DNA as a straightforward code that simply gets translated into biological structure is very much an oversimplification. Science is learning that DNA, and its relationship to proteins, is much more interesting and complicated than this. Lennox describes some of the relevant issues. Science is learning about the ability of genes to switch on or off.

It is a set of technologies used to change the genetic makeup of cells, including the transfer of genes within and across species boundaries to produce improved organisms. The purpose of genetic engineering is to eradicate the world of debilitating diseases. Although this is a noble goal, this branch of science also has many risks. Some people believe that we should care about genetic engineer because they believe genetically modified (GM) foods pose a serious health risk to society. However, the views concerning genet-ically modified food are mixed.

Charles Darwin became famous for his theory of natural selection. This theory suggests that a change in heritability traits takes place in a population over time. This is due to random mutations that occur in the genome of an individual organism, and offspring can inherit these mutations. This was defined as the key to evolution, this is because random mutations arise in the genome of an individual. Until the 19th century, the prevailing view in western societies was that differences between individuals of species were uninteresting departures from their platonic ideals of created kinds.

2. Discuss the factors that are contributing to the reemergence of infectious diseases that used to be close to extinction. There are many factors that contribute to the re-emergence of infectious diseases that used to be close to extinction.

Eugenics is defined as the science of improving a human population by controlled breeding to increase the occurrence of desirable heritable characteristics, whether it is appearance, intelligence, or defects. Eugenics has many bad qualities, which are the reasons it should not be used. First of all, the history of eugenics is catastrophe. Francis Dalton, the half cousin of Charles Darwin,

vNatural selection is the most popular theory by evolutionist, Charles Darwin. This theory is the belief that evolutionary change comes from organisms adapting to better fit with their environment, generation to generation. The variations that occur, give the organism a better chance of survival, ensuring that they can reproduce and pass on the trait to further generations. Eventually the variation will spread throughout the species. Natural selection can however be limited by several factors These factors include, the variation gene not being available, history not allowing the variation to develop or the trade-off of a variation creating a different problem for the animal.

Very similar to previous chapters, is the process of natural selection, so the Engine of Evolution gives a look at the various forms of evolution and explains the possibilities. Seems like evolution contains many separate subjects that all explain a very complicated theory, however, by learning more, we prepare ourselves with knowledge about the truth. Evolution represents the scientific community’s version of our origins, and the best supporting evidence are natural selection and adaptation. Since, Jerry Coyne used chapter 1 to explain the basic concept of evolution, like the six point evolutionary theory; however, he uses chapter 5 for more detail on the concepts like: the process of evolutionary change through natural selection & adaptation, and laboratory evolution.

Francis Bacon is the father of the scientific method and his way of thinking became wide spread amongst scientists everywhere. He believed that knowledge was discovered by gathering and analyzing data from the use of experiments and observations, rather than the popular ‘logical-based arguments’. Bacon also believed that it was time to move away from old/ancient philosophies and move more towards new methods and laws of nature. Another big thing Bacon did was pretty much override Aristotle’s way of thinking, deduction, and moved towards induction. Theology studies nature and God’s work on the world.