Intelligent Tutoring Systems is a type of e-learning where students can learn whenever and wherever is suitable for them. ITS is broadly defined as a computer system that aims to provide immediate and customized instruction or feedback to learners, usually without human intervention [16]. The problem with evaluating the e-learning systems lies in the absence of worldwide agreement on how it should be performed [9]. The purpose of this paper is to present and judge the different models and metrics that are used in evaluating ITS. Such models as Kirckpatrick, ISO 9126 Quality, Boehm’s are considered the most common used in this respect. Mean Absolute Error and Root Mean Square Error are used.
Keywords: Boehm’s Model, Evaluation Models,
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Although CBT and CAI may be effective in learning, they do not provide that individualized attention that a student would receive from a human tutor. The reason is the absence of the domain and the student modules. This has led to research in the field of using Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs).
By the late 1960's and early 1970's, many researchers developed systems that altered the presentation of new materials based on the history of a student's responses.
ITS consists of five main modules which are: Student Module, Domain Module, Expert Module, Tutor Module, and User Interface.
Due to the importance of e-learning systems in education, there is an emphasize on the evaluation of these programs to ensure the quality of these systems. Evaluation can be formative or summative. The first is used during the design of the ITS, while the second is used to determine whether the finished ITS is effective and with high quality product.
The problem of evaluating the ITSs is a lack of accepted guidelines and various factors to be considered during the evaluation
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2-The tutor module imparts the planned knowledge during the class according to the selected pedagogical style. This will go through a process which will shape it into a natural language to ease the interaction with the user and it will be presented through an interface, which will arrange the pedagogical elements used for the particular lesson.
During the pedagogic session, the tutor module will have general objectives to carry out (to give the solution to a problem, to assure that the student reaches a certain degree of knowledge about the theme, etc), but through the interaction with the user many secondary objectives rise, necessary and not, to achieve the main purpose of the pedagogic session. It would be responsibility of the tutor module to guide the user towards every objective, and to continue the pedagogic session until the goals have been satisfied [15].
4)Expert Module: It contains a complete collection of units of the target. Knowledge represented as facts, procedures, concepts, and/or mental models. Generally it requires significant knowledge engineering to encode a domain in a suitable form
This document proposes a Unit 1 revision for ENGL 313, Rhetorical Web Design at Iowa State University. The goal is to improve the first weeks of the course to fit the skill levels of the beginner students to enhance their learning of web design. 1.2 Background Many students enrolled in ENGL 313 have minimal knowledge about rhetorical web design, which employs rhetorical and web design principles to create an interactive and responsive website. Because there is only one course on rhetorical web design, the class addresses a wide range of topics including various front-end frameworks and scripting languages.
The design of this project is a quasi-experimental pre- and post-test quantitative pilot quality improvement project. Participants if this
This leads the authors to perform a study with the attempt of
Stations or centers might be teacher-led if new knowledge is to be given or student-led if mastery is to be obtained on the information given by the teacher. Project-based is another strategy and one of the best ways to differentiate instruction due to the students’ needs and styles are addressed. Projects internalize help and support among students beside some academic skills. Tiered Activities, on the other hand, are based on the learning tasks designed at different levels of complexity according to students’ readiness levels, i.e. to be gradually given to the students ,whenever the student finishes one stage, they transfer to the other one until the task is done, or at times keeping the learning outcomes same the learning tasks can be designed according to students’ learning preferences viz. Learning styles or Gardner’s multiple intelligences.
The second category refers to self-directed learning as a process of learning. Attempts are made to understand the process of self-direction with a view of adopting them to formal learning. They are three main models, linear, interactive, and instructional models Knowles and Tough model are linear. Knowles developed learning contract meant to encourage and support learner’s self-direction.
The paper reflects on my experience during the teaching practicum. Initially, it analyses the strategies my Mentor Teacher (MT) adopted in her teaching and interaction with the students. Additionally, it analyses the techniques I employed to motivate, monitor, and manage students during my teaching practice. Finally, it discusses how I will improve my teaching in terms of instructional strategies, classroom interaction, objectives-activities-assessments alignment, and classroom management.
In this assignment, I will be writing on how to apply the principles of pedagogy in my area of specialism. Effective teacher uses diverse teaching strategies and universal approaches that suit situations, different strategies in different grouping of learners to improve learning outcomes, There are different teaching styles that suit different learners backgrounds and ability. Teachers are ldentified in their profession as ‘learning specialist’ , and there are five principles of good pedagogy which are Motivation, Exposition, Direction of activity and Inviting imitation. Andragogy is the best approach for effective delivery and pedagogy, both approaches must be used to ensure effective delivery. The principle is the idea of the curriculum and requirement of my subject area, I adopted pedagogy and andragogy that learners will understand The word motivation preceeds teaching at all times the teacher is preparing for delivery of effective and engaging instructional process.
Integrating technology in education can be extremely beneficial. It can be a useful method for the students and their teachers, which improves both their skills. In addition, being active on the Internet when learning can make students and teachers’ academic journey easier. There is a lot of evidence that proves how useful technology is for both students and their instructors. This paper attempts to show that using the Internet allows
Teaching methods differ in terms of approach which as observed relate more to procedures which influence inner coherence, produce specific educational effects. The traditional approach embodies two, namely: (a) the didactic method, also called the directive or autocratic style, which is based on logo-centrism and an instructor-centred approach. Its focus is the teacher, who explains the logical and practical aspects of the issue or topic; secondly, (b) the dialectic method. In this approach, students are involved in the learning process and are expected to ask questions; thirdly, (c) The heuristic or research method. This method makes students the protagonists of their learning process, since they must find, guided by the instructor, and through research and experimentation, the solutions to the problems.
The Rationale Feedback is closely related to learning and teaching theories making it a significant element in learning despite the theories that may be adapted. In the learning environment, the purpose of feedback may vary but the tutor is bestowed with the responsibility to provide positive reinforcement to encourage students’ applications of learning in new environments. With feedback, both the student and tutors get to a common ground where success in learning can be quantified. Literature Review From
Thus learners could feel confident on the maximum reliability of the substance of lessons received. Furthermore, presentation involving a variety of forms - because computers that could support learning and teaching with lettering Imaging, video and sound -could be more interesting. • Encouraging interaction with other e-learners and an e-instructor: Chat rooms, discussion boards, instant messaging and e-mail all offer effective interaction for e -learners, and do a good job of taking the place of classroom discussion.
Benefits of direct instruction include delivering large amounts of information in a timely manner. Also, because this model is
1-Introduction Today, technology has developed a lot and invaded every field of our life. One of the fields affected by this progress in technology is education. Now online learning is one of the aims that is achieved in education sectors all over the world. This is a way of learning by which learning is done through the internet. There is no need for students to go to school or university in order to learn something new.
Although the lesson plan’s primary objective is to improve the overall quality of teaching to benefit students, this also improves teacher motivation and development. This is achieved through using the lesson plan as a permanent record of lessons taught. In the case where the lesson has been