When Cultures Meet: Racial Discrimination In The 1960's

[Doc. 7 ] This lead to the ratification of 15th Amendment. The 15th Amendment protects the right to vote of the emancipated slaves as it says on the document, “the right to vote shall not be denied on the basis of race, color, or previous condition.” The aftermath of civil war, resulted with good economical changes.

The black subordination social order had remained, unbroken by the abolishment of slavery or the Amendments that followed. The first sign of an attempt at a new social order was seen in Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation of 1862, where slavery was legally abolished in the Union states. Paired with Union victory at Antietam, emancipation looked to be a serious threat to the well-established institution of slavery in the Confederacy, or Southern states. In 1865 Congress had approved the Thirteenth Amendment; it

According to www.history.com/topics/charles-sumner ”He saw Reconstruction as the opportunity to establish civil rights for blacks, first in the South where Congress had explicit authority and gradually in the North. In 1865 he insisted that suffrage be granted to all black males. At the time of his death, Sumner was still vainly agitating for federal legislation repealing all discriminatory laws.” Finally, there was President Andrew Johnson. After Abraham Lincoln was assassinated, just as the South surrendered in April 1865, and then Andrew Johnson inherited the problem of Reconstruction.

The freedom in the new society led to more improvements and beliefs on how to make the changed society better. During the period of Reconstruction, three new amendments passed that had to do with the freedom and rights of freed African Americans. The 13th Amendment, passed in 1865, abolished slavery once and for all. Passed in 1866, the 14th Amendment gave everyone who was born in America full citizenship. Lastly, the 15th Amendment said that no citizen can be denied the right to vote because of your race, the color of your skin, or of previous conditions of enslavement.

During the American Civil War, which took place between 1860-1865, the President of the United States of America, Abraham Lincoln, introduced the Emancipation Proclamation on the 1st of January 1863 which was designed to free all slaves in the rebellion states in the Confederate South. Slavery had played a significant role in the development of the Southern economy and therefore by introducing the Proclamation, Lincoln would hope for two main events to happen, one being the increase of black soldiers in the Union Army in order to defeat the South and the decrease of black slave labour which would hinder the development of the Southern Economy. However, although slaves had contributed to the development of the economy, in the long run slavery

When the union won the civil war in 1865 it gave millions slaves their freedom but there was a bigger process in rebuilding the south. As Andrew Johnson in 1865 new southern state leaders passed “Blacks Codes” to control the behavior of former slaves and blacks. Many people in the north were very upset about these codes. since the North was very upset with this indecent that happened. It wore away their supporter known as the presidential reconstruction and led to victories of the radical parts of the republican party.

Abraham Lincoln was a strong believer in people 's individual freedom no matter the race, and with the start of the civil war he decided to take action. In 1863 Lincoln delivered one of his famous speeches; the Emancipation Proclamation. The Emancipation Proclamation added to the effects with the civil war because with the speech “the aim of the war changed to include the freeing of slaves in addition to preserving the Union. Although the Proclamation initially freed only the slaves in the rebellious states, by the end of the war the Proclamation had influenced and prepared citizens to advocate and accept abolition for all slaves in both the North and South.” The

The Dred Scott vs Sandford decision became eminent throughout the entire country in the late 1800s. According to Dictionary.com, a civil war is a "war between political factions or regions within the same country". The American

The Emancipation Proclamation also ordered that suitable people among those freed could now be enrolled into paid service of United States ' forces, and ordered the Union Army to "recognize and maintain the freedom of" the former slaves. The Proclamation did not compensate the owners in any way, did not make slavery illegal and did not grant any citizenship to the former slaves. It only made the eradication of slavery an explicit war goal as an addition to the goal of reuniting the Union. Around 20,000 to 50,000 slaves in the southern regions where the rebellion already had been subdued were immediately emancipated. The proclamation could not be enforced in the areas still under rebellion, but when the Union Army took control of Confederate regions, The Proclamation provided the legal support framework for freeing about more than 3 million slaves in those southern regions.

President Lincoln wrote the Emancipation Proclamation to free slaves of all states. The southern states were outraged and felt like they were mistreated. Not long after, South Carolina seceded from the union because they felt like there was no longer a place for them in the Union. Not long after South Carolina seceded many other southern states felt the same way and seceded as well. The states that seceded soon created the Confederate States of America where they elected Jefferson Davis as their provisional president.

In other words, race is understood differently around the world. According to the text book, in West Africa, people are categorized into racial groups based on the status of having noble ancestry and not physical features. Also, according to the article, “Defining Race”, race is categorized base on individuals’ social class status and wealth. Furthermore, the invention of race reflects social, economic, and political aspects in society. For example, White American who has white and black ancestry will be considered as black because black slaves are free source of labor, and white population want to increase the number of labor.

For example, if slavery had not been abolished, we would see African-Americans as inferior beings. The Civil War was also a time when people decided who they were. Trying to choose to be with or against slavery makes people think about themselves, leading to new knowledge about humans as a society. With this new knowledge, people find it easier to treat humans as one people, instead of several different classes.

Commonwealth of Kentucky (1908) gave power to states to segregate institutions. The Supreme Court acknowledges that Kentucky could prohibit having both Black and White students because the College was an institution (Cottrol 42-43). In the same way, they did concede had an individual sued, Kentucky’s law likely was illegal. But, here lies the problem with the Supreme Court, they were not consistent or used very specific language in their rulings. The National Association for the Advancement of Color People (NAACP) was formed in 1909 to fight for the civil rights for African-Americans.

Additionally, the more specific choice to use African Americans as slaves was because of “the impossibility of using Indians and the difficulty of using whites, the availability of blacks offered in greater and greater numbers by profit-seeking dealers in human flesh, and with such blacks possible to control because they had just gone through an ordeal” (Zinn 1). The settlers decided to use what was most convenient to them, again, a selection they made. Finally, their treatment of the African American slaves as cruel and ruthless, for instance packing a large amount of them in a boat for transportation,, further shows the decisions they made for their convenience, showing how racism is not

Although Johnson opposed slavery, he did not support equal rights for African-Americans. " White men alone must manage the South," he stated. President Johnson 's plan was mostly successful because all former Confederate states except Texas had set up new governments because of his plan by the end of 1865. These newly reformed states were now ready to rejoin the