Many Costa Rican Spanish speakers as English foreign language learners face several linguistic implications that affect the improvement of their learning process (input) and language production (output). In order to have a better understanding of the topic, it is necessary to note the definition of interlanguage and fossilization. According to George Yule (2010) interlanguage is defined as the language produced by second language learners (L2) which includes several “errors” that seem to have no connection between the forms of L1 or L2. For example, the Spanish native speaker who says in English “She name is Maria” produces a form or structure that is not used by English native speakers. This example suggests that there is some in-between system …show more content…
First of all, in the quest of learning a new language it is common to see a progress that is based on acquiring new knowledge about structural terms and vocabulary; however, there is a moment where students continue applying their native language structures and forms called fossilization. According to Selinker & Lamandella as cited by Long “Fossilization is the permanent cessation of L2 learning before the learner has attained target language norms at all levels of linguistic structure and in all discourse domains in spite of the learners’ positive ability, opportunity or motivation to learn or acculturate into target society (Selinker & Lamandella, 1978, p.187).” As the authors pointed, in linguistics and second language acquisition, fossilization refers to the often observed loss of progress in the process of learning a second language, following a period where learning occurred despite regular exposure and interaction with the L2 and regardless of any learner motivation to continue. Learners with this problem would advance their learning process of a second language; however, they keep making some errors in speaking or writing. As a result, learners are not able to identify errors by themselves and those errors continue going through the whole learning process. In addition, Spanish and English have a similar alphabet, …show more content…
According to Campbell (1999) this anomaly is known as “Epentheses that consists of inserting a sound into a word. (Epenthesis is from Greek epi- 'in addition' + en 'in' + thesis 'placing'.).” Inside this kind of language interference, there is a subcategory that affects Spanish speakers in the process of learning EFL called “Prothesis (from Greek pro- 'before' + thesis 'placing.” The same author cited before, considers it “as a kind of epenthesis in which a sound is inserted at the beginning of a word.” (p.33). In accordance with the definition provided by this author, prothesis is the insertion of an initial [Ɛ] sound of an English word (consonant cluster) that starts with [S] sound. It occurs because in Spanish Language there are not words that are pronounced with [S] sound at the
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32. Indo-European languages- Many languages of Europe, southwest Asia, and India had similar vocabulary and grammar structure. The only explanation for these languages to be so similar is that a descendent of these Indo-European languages spoke the same tongue. 33.
In the online article by Max J. Castro, Ph. D, The Future of Spanish in the United States, the author effectively uses his credibility to link facts and history of other languages to Spanish along with appealing to the reader’s emotions to explain why the longevity of the Spanish language is possibly threatened in the United States. In his article, Castro refers to a plethora of statistical information about Spanish as a language in the United States, including that it is predicted to be the largest Spanish speaking country in the world by 2050. Even today Spanish is by far the second most spoken language in America, second only to English. Although the amount of Spanish speakers is increasing, Castro also mentions in his article, largely concerned,
They even developed their own language called Calo, but I
There are many similarities between American and Mexican schools. One similarity between American and Mexican schools is the technology that is used in the schools. Mexican schools use SMART board technology and have interactive classroom support like my school, Springs Studio for Academic Excellence in the United States. Another similarity between American and Mexican schools are the subjects taught in school. In both Mexican and American schools mathematics, language arts, science, and social studies are taught.
Being bilingual can be both useful or irritating, having the ability to communicate and understand several languages or being raised to be an interpreter for your parents. As you become more exposed to a variety of languages you can often observe how society treats certain languages. Martin Espada is a lawyer and poet who defends Spanish speakers in America, makes it clear about the role of language in his essay, “The New Bathroom Policy at English High School.” He asserts that the importance of language is created from cultural identity. When Espada shared what he learned about maintaining and defending Spanish he proceeded to say, “Defending the right of all Latinos to use the tongue of their history and identity creates in me passion for Spanish itself.”
The Young Lords Movement is national movement that allowed Bodega to obtain the favor of Spanish Harlem easily because of its failures. The Young Lords movement was a Puerto Rican civil rights movement in the 1960’s that implemented violence to obtain recognition and equality as Puerto Ricans and better living conditions within their communities in New York and Chicago. As the Young Lords Party, the branch in New York, became increasingly involved in using armed movements and guerrilla tactics to make a stance in America, they ultimately reached their downfall. The new movement that Bodega inspires, however, is not one that uses weaponry to make proclamations about Nuyoricans to the outside world but one that restores the barrio from within
The mix of Spanish and English words throughout the
Through his well written essay, Rodriguez clearly, and efficiently conveys his emotions and thoughts about the american culture, and english language, how they both impacted his life not only positively but negatively. He feels that the negative impacts overshadow the positive in regard to the way the situation at home changed drastically. Nonetheless Rodriguez’s appliance of rhetorical devices give an insight of the struggles and obstacles that many bilingual children go through, how their lives change and are never the same, after assimilating a new and different culture then, the one they are so accustomed to. This essay gives readers the possibility understand the message and emotions emitted by Rodriguez, to their own, and more strongly have a grasp of the concept and meaning of the essay. The result of analysing “Aria” leads to realization that the learning of two languages may better the future of a child, and that it will benefit the child academically and socially, when in reality the aftermath of having to adopt an entire new culture, and living by it will affect the child's emotional
Rodriguez would speak English in school because to him it was a “public language”, while Spanish was a “private language” (72). Rodriguez
The biggest difference in American music and music in Spain, is the instruments. Although guitar is an important
Spain and Portugal may have similarities but they also do have
It is true that Mexicans and Spaniards share similarities concerning language and culture, but there are far too many regional variations that make linguists say that Mexican Spanish qualifies to be a separate language, nonetheless, what does differ is that Spain’s political system is a Democratic government with an ‘international’ currency. Additionally, one can find a lot of Spanish influence in Mexican culture such as bull fights, foods like Spanish rice, and yes, Catholic Religion. Yet, it is easy to see the ancestral differences between Mexican and Spanish people due to their many different historical characteristics. Today, one difference between the two is that the Mexican political system is a close copy of the US system—at least on paper. However, the Mexican constitution provides only for a Federal system, unlike in Spain who recently has a revolution less than fifty years ago.
Not only are the parents of the bilingual children, but also some educators worried and concerned about when a child starts to speak different languages in a sentence. Are these children really confused and not able to distinguish the languages that are being used? The confusion may come from the fact that many people are confused between code switching and language interference, therefore mixing up languages is thought to be part of linguistic deficits and bilingualism is the reason to blame. Especially to the monolinguals, mixing two or more languages in a conversation is a sign of language deficit and it shows disrespect to the culture, as well as the language. As a matter of fact, language interference is linguistic interference that comes from the native language and affects phonology, grammar, lexis and orthography in second language output, while code switching simply means that when a speaker uses or mixes two or more languages in a sentence or conversation to another bilingual person (Skiba,
The notion of bilingualism is frequently connected to the idea of code-switching since a person should have ability to speak using two or more than one variety. Researchers have made countless studies describing bilingualism as they create awareness in different ways. To begin with is Bloomfield (1933) who defined bilingualism as having the “native- like control of two languages”. However, Haugen (1953) pinpointed that bilingualism is the ability of a speaker to communicate and understand an additional variety. This is to mean that the concept of bilingualism exist only when an individual of a certain variety has the capability to communicate effectively in an additional variety.