International Civil Aviation Organization: The Convention On International Civil Aviation
The Convention on International Civil Aviation, also known as the Chicago Convention, established the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), a specialized agency of the United Nations charged with coordinating and regulating international air travel.
The document was signed on the 7th of December 1944 in Chicago, U.S., by 52 signatory states. It received the requisite 26th ratification on March 5, 1947 and went into effect on April 4, 1947, the same date that ICAO came into being. In October of the same year, ICAO became a specialized agency of the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). The Convention has since been revised eight times (in 1959, 1963, 1969, 1975, 1980, 1997, 2000 and 2006). As of 2013, the Chicago
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• Article 3 bis: Each government must refrain from resorting to the use of weapons against civil aircraft in flight.
• Article 5: The aircraft of governments, other than scheduled international air services, have the right to make flights across government's territories and to make stops without obtaining prior permission. However, the government may require the aircraft to make a
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• Article 12: Each government shall keep its own rules of the air as uniform as possible with those established under the convention, the duty to ensure compliance with these rules rests with the contracting government.
• Article 13: (Entry and Clearance Regulations) A government's laws and regulations regarding the admission and departure of passengers, crew or cargo from aircraft shall be complied with on arrival, upon departure and whilst within the territory of that government.
• Article 16: The authorities of each government shall have the right to search the aircraft of other governments on landing or departure, without unreasonable delay...
• Article 24: Aircraft flying to, from or across, the territory of a government shall be admitted temporarily free of duty. Fuel, Oil, spare parts, regular equipment and aircraft stores retained on board are also exempt custom duty, inspection fees or similar
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