According to the UNWTO, tourism can be defined as activities of people travelling to and staying in places outside their ordinary environment for not more than one consecutive year. They travel for several purposes such as for leisure and businesses, however not related to activities remunerated from the place their visits. The increasing concern on tourism studies in academic literature started as soon as the growth of the tourism industry after the Second World War. In the 70s, tourism has become an academic
making decision in daily live, it also same goes to this tourism study. Researchers face all kind of dilemma in order to develop or create new theories to be used in this industry accordingly. The journal also said that it try to check back an existing disciplinary in tourism studies in order to allow it to be redevelop into a new kind of approach compare to an old one. The author also argue about the disciplinary dilemma because of tourism is a complex field, an existing study such as anthropology
Tourism is defined as the movement of individual from a place to another place for pleasure purposes. But this term is only been used on early 19th century (Smith 1989:17). On 20th century, tourism studies involve various ranges of disciplines. Jafari and Ritchie (1981) found that the five main academic disciplines in tourism research are economics, sociology, psychology, geography, and anthropology. The main disciplines present in 157 doctoral dissertations about tourism were found from a review
DILEMMA OF TOURISM STUDIES” According to a 1997 article in the Echtner and Jamal, “ The Disciplinary Dilemma of Tourism Studies”, there are about of study of tourism include diverse range of disciplines. From the introduction, the author have cites many of author like Smith( 1989), Jafari and Ritchie (1981), Sheldon (1990) and Pearce (1993). The authors are described what is tourism all about and different perspective point of view about Tourism Industry. The definition of tourism may only focus
offers a distinct point of view on tourism as an element of human culture, where the “main foci of attention are the forces that generate tourists and tourism, the transactions between cultures or subcultures that are an intrinsic part of all tourism, and the consequences for the cultures and individuals within them” (Nash and Smith 1991:22). From a methodological point of view, the holistic, qualitative contribution of anthropology is quite widely recognized by tourism researchers. The interpretive methodology