The dried roots of Inula racemosa were pulverized and sieved with 100 ~ 200 mesh. The herb powder was placed into a glass bottle. Ultrasound-assisted extraction was carried out in an ultrasonic cleaner RK102H (Bandelin sonorex, Germany). The powder of Inula racemosa was extracted three times under the following conditions: the ratio of material to solvent was 10:1, undergoing ultrasonic treatment 30 minutes at 25 °C, 100 kHz /450 W.31 Before large extraction, a small-scale extraction experiments were carried out: 95% ethanol and ethyl acetate as the extractive solutions was investigated, respectively. The extraction efficiency was evaluated according to the percent content of AL and IS contained in the dried roots of Inula racemosa and calculated …show more content…
The silver ion TLC was prepared through the following procedure: Silver nitrate was dissolved in 10 ml of distilled water. This aqueous solution of silver nitrate was absolutely mixed with 9 g of silica gel (10 ~ 40 μm particles). Then, a 10 × 5 cm TLC plate was coated with the above slurry and activated for 1 h at 90 °C before use. They were immediately transferred into a desiccator in dark for storage after cooling. 32 100 μL of afore-prepared sample solution and the mixed reference standard were diluted 100 times with ethyl acetate. 50 μL of these dilution solutions were separated on the TLC plate coated with SNISG. The plate was developed with petroleum ether: ethyl acetate (4:1) and the movement of solvent was usually controlled at 1 cm from the upper edge. After completion, the plate was dried until no solvent smell remained. It was sprayed with an ethanol solution containing 10% sulfuric acid, and heated at an infra-red drier until obvious color came up, as shown in Fig.2 (B.ab). Simultaneously, the amount of silver nitrate in the impact of isolative effect was investigated with the sample procedure, as shown in Fig.2
For this lab, zeolite and magnetized zeolite were synthesized and compared with charcoal to find out with would be the most effective in the sequestering of Procion Red dye. Finding the concentration and absorbance of each zeolite, magnetized zeolite, and charcoal, along with a calibration curve, the best adsorbent is determined. Charcoal was the overall best sequestration of the Procion Red dye, since the adsorbent was highest compared to the others. Introduction Pollution has increased in the environment over the years, so the purpose of this experiment is to find the best adsorbent of chemicals to reduce the pollution.
Identification of bacteria within Unknown Culture #21 In this experiment, an unknown culture of two different types of bacteria was assigned to each person, a number of tests were performed to isolate and identify these bacterial cells. Based on knowledge from the previous experiments completed in lab, a basic understanding of each type of bacteria was used to create a flow chart that would aid the process of identifying the unknown bacteria within the culture. A gram stain that is performed initially will narrow down the types of tests certain bacteria will and will not respond to. In addition to the gram stain, some of the tests that were used include, a catalase test, an Eosin methylene blue (EMB) agar test, a bile esculin test, and a 6.5% sodium chloride (NaCl) test.
The purpose of this experiment is to create a complete genomic library of Aliivibrio fisheri through the use of the lux operon. The examination of the lux operon gene occurs through the extraction of the DNA of Aliivibrio fischeri and digest a large piece of DNA to smaller random pieces. The fragment of DNA will later be ligated together in plasmid. Plasmid acts as vectors to transport DNA from one organism to another. The DNA will then run through a UV-visible spectrophotometer to test the absorbance of the extracted DNA.
Daphnia Magna are small crustaceans that are excellent for observing the effect of depressants on their nervous system. The purpose of this specific experiment is to observe the effect of ethanol, aspirin, and caffeine on daphnia’s heart rate. Not only do these chemicals affect heart rate, but they also affect the frequency of reproduction, number of eggs produced, and body structure. Pesticides similar to these chemicals can be released into the environment and daphnia re useful in monitoring toxicity levels. The agents being tested in this experiment can be administered to determine the effects of hormones, stimulants, antidepressants, and neurotransmitters.
This study was conducted with a partner, since some parts of the experiment were able to be done simultaneously. One partner prepared a TLC developing jar by pouring a small layer of 4:1:1 propanol/acetic acid/water into a developing jar. A solvent wick was made by wetting a piece of filter with the solvent, and it was placed in the jar. A silica coated TLC plate was obtained, and a spotting line was carefully drawn approximately 1.5 cm from the bottom of the plate using a pencil. Extra care was taken to not touch the plate with bare skin.
The influence different abiotic factors on the habitat selection of Artemia franciscana Introduction: Many organisms prefer environment with specific conditions called specialists, while other individuals can occupy diversifying environmental conditions called generalists (Biology 108 Lab Manual 2015-16). Artemia franciscana, a species of brine shrimps are able to resist to warm water temperatures and even develop thermal adaptations (Clegg et al. 2001). Other abiotic factors that affect habitat selection in brine shrimps are temperature, pH and gradients of light (Biology 108 Lab Manual 2015-16). If A. franciscana are also able to withstand wide range of environmental conditions like generalist, then we can predict that A. franciscana will
Abstract: Anxiety is an unavoidable part of life and we will experience it at some point. It is a totally normal emotion. Normal anxiety can happen when faced with an important decision to make, it quickly comes and goes. An anxiety disorder however, is much more serious as the nervous feelings remain constant and can interfere with a person’s ability to lead a normal life. There are many potential triggers for an anxiety disorder to develop and one being the menopause.
2.2 Chemicals and reagents The API of AN (99.9% pure) 1000mg was purchased from market. HPLC grade acetonitrile (SD fine limited). Analytical grade hydrochloric acid ,sodium hydroxide flakes, hydrogen peroxide. Milli-Q Water purchased from market.. 2.3 Details of Method Chromatographic conditions: Reversed Phase High Performance liquid chromatography method with UV detection separation was achieved on zorbox Agilent Eclipsc XDB column c18(150 nm× 4.6 mm×5µm) as stationary phase with binary gradient mode solvent phase A. Composed of H3PO4(ortho phosphoric acid ) buffer ( pH ≈2, 0.02M) and phase B as Acetonitrile ,The Flow rate of the mobile phase was 1.0 mL/min and the total elution time including the column re-equilibration was approximately
Results: Table 1: Results from the Salicylic acid (g) and the Purity of ASA (g) Experiment Mass of salicylic acid (g) 0.14 g Mass of filter paper (g) 0.47 g Mass of “impure” ASA + filter paper (g) 0.56 g Mass of prepared “impure” ASA (g)
Tn 4351 was originally isolated from bacteroides fragilis [30] . The transposon was successfully introduced into Cytophaga succinicans, Flavobacterium meningosepticum, Flexibacter canadiansis, Flexibacter strain SFI and Sporocytophaga myxococcoides by conjugation [25]. Tn 4351carries two antibiotic resistance gene. One of the codes for resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin which is expressed in bactroides but not in E.Coli. The other gene codes for resistance in tetracycline and is expressed in aerobically grpwn E. coli, but not in anaerobically grpwn E. coli or in bacteroides.
The purpose of this lab is to determine the relationship that exists between the number of amylase gene copies and ancestral diet. As the human civilization moved forward toward agriculture the diets of humans also changed. Depending on where the humans originated would give insight to how much of their diet was starch based. My family’s geographic origins are from China. Thus knowing that the country has a high starch based diet, we would suggest that I would have a high amylase production.
All procedures for this lab was obtained from the Marshall University BSC 121 Principles of Biology for Majors Laboratory Manual (Weinstein, 2015). On September 22, students in biology 121 section 101 obtained nine pots to plant their respected peas. Once the pots were obtained, students placed paper towels in the bottom of the plots to keep the vermiculite from falling out. When the paper towels were placed in the pots, they were then filled up ¾ of the way full with vermiculite, and were watered adequately. Four shallow holes were then created with a finger, and were filled with peas.
(1977) have developed a method for determination of sodium alkyl sulfonates. The sodium alkyl sulfonates (PS) prepared from paraffin by sulfoxidation reaction are used as effective anionic detergents. The products are mixture of secondary sulfonate isomers. The analysis of each isomer is important for the elucidation of reaction mechanism of sulfoxidation and their physical properties. The authors carried out the isomer analysis of PS by means of Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) method with the NMR shift reagent, Eu (dpm).
The solvents that were used in this particular experiment included the likes of - n – hexane, Cyclohexane, cyclohexanol and Cyclohexyl acetate. Further they also reported the distribution coefficient and separation factors. When the two phase region was considered, n hexane and Cyclohexane proved to be suitable agents for establishment of equilibrium data of propionic acid-water-solvent mix. On the other hand, when distribution coefficient values were considered it was shown that Cyclohexyl acetate is most suitable. In conclusion, when all the properties were taken into consideration it could be concluded that cyclohexyl acetate is the most suitable extracting agent that was studied is this research.
APEXIFICATION Apexification is defined as a method to induce a calcified barrier in a root with an open apex or the continued apical development of an incomplete root in teeth with a necrotic pulp(AAE,2003). Apexification can be achieved is two different ways: Long-term apexification with calcium hydroxide or Short-term apexification with MTA (One visit) This technique is performed on teeth that are non vital due to traumatic injury, carious exposure and teeth with anatomical variations such as den invaginatus with immature teeth. LONG-TERM APEXIFICATION WITH CALCIUM HYDROXIDE Calcium hydroxide (CH) apexification requires multiple visits and hence patient and parent compliance is very important. CH is used for the formation of an apical