Iodine-131 Research Paper

However, scientists believe that damaging changes or errors in the genetic material (DNA) in the cells may be involved. Damage or alteration in the DNA causes malfunction in biochemical processes that may lead to uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells, which develop into malignant tumors. Factors that increase your risk of developing this type of thyroid cancer include: • Female gender • Older age • A history of radiation therapy to the head and neck Hurthle cell carcinoma complications include: • Difficulty swallowing – when the tumor presses on the food pipe (esophagus) • Difficulty breathing – when the tumor presses on the windpipe (trachea) • Spread of malignancy (metastasis) to other organs and tissues Part 4: How to Treat Hurthle Cell

Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) Intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) is a computer-guided radiation delivery system used to treat tumors that are difficult to reach or resect. Using Technology to Target Mesothelioma IMRT uses advanced software to target a tumor with an exact radiation dose based on the tumor’s size, shape and location in the body. IMRT enables physicians to focus higher radiation doses directly to the tumor while minimizing doses to surrounding normal tissue. Benefits of IMRT · More radiation where it is needed With IMRT a radiation oncologist can precisely target a tumor with higher radiation doses than traditional radiation therapy delivery methods. IMRT minimizes radiation exposure to healthy tissues, leading to fewer side effects like treatment toxicity.

Iodine-123 is harmless to thyroid cells whereas Iodine-121 will destroy Thyroid cells. Since Iodine-123 is harmless to thyroid cells, it is the most commonly isotope used to take pictures of an existing thyroid condition. The isotope I-131 is also used for imaging but it is rarely used since it has a destructive effect on the thyroid cells. Other imaging methods include a Thyroid Ultrasound, CT Scan, MRI and PET Scan. The pathophysiology of a goiter in hypothyroidism would occur to a disruption of Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone/Thyroid Stimulating Hormone.

Ytterbium compounds absorb and give out light in the near infrared which can be used for examining biological tissue and solar cells (Stewart). An isotope of ytterbium, ytterbium- 169, is used in the medical field as a radiation source substitute for a portable X-ray machine where electricity is unavailable (Emsley). This isotope is also used as an alternative for Iodine-125 and Palladium-103 in the treatment of prostate cancer and for diagnostics in the gastrointestinal tract

1. Write a brief introduction about the diagnostic imaging modality. Nuclear medicine is a section of medical imaging that uses radioactive medication known as radiotracers or radiopharmaceutical (Understanding nuclear medicine, 2009). Radiotracers are given to the patient through injection, swallowing or inhalation, which makes the body radioactive for a short time. The radiation is detected by a special camera, and then the image is produced.

One research group is attempting to determine if creatine can be used in the prevention of heart failure, and to cure diseases that cause muscular problems such as ALS (Lou Gehrig's Disease) and Huntington’s.[2] The use of creatine seems optimistically positive as many negative aspects are being debunked by further research. The European Food Safety Authority stated that long-term use of 3g/day is risk-free.[5] This is also shown by the following quotes from examine.com: “Many meta analyses found that creatine treatment resulted in no abnormal renal, hepatic, cardiac, or muscle function,” and,“A meta analysis found that creatine treatment increased muscle strength in muscular dystrophies, and potentially improved functional performance. It has also been implicated in decreasing mutagenesis in DNA.”

Henrietta’s tumor was treated with radium, which was a white radioactive metal that glows blue. It destroys any cells that it comes into contact with and can burn the skin off a person’s body at high doses. Dr. Lawrence Wharton Jr. dilated Henrietta’s cervix and prepared to treat her tumor, but first shaved off a piece of tissue from her tumor and a piece from her healthy cervical tissue. After the procedure was finished, a resident took the samples to Gey’s

If this comes back positive a radical lymph node dissection will be necessary, this may be followed by radiation, depending on the number of nodes affected (Hodgetts, 2013). In the treatment of stage IV tumors there are many methods used. Tumors and lymph nodes may be surgically removed. Patients may also be treated with radiation, immunotherapy, chemotherapy or targeted therapy. At this stage the disease is very hard to cure due to metastasis.

Luckily, people have found many cures for all types of cancer. Amazingly, there are over two hundred cures discovered in the past thousands of years (News Medical Life Sciences). As well, there are categories of cancer treatments, and a popular one is chemotherapy. According to Dictionary.com, chemotherapy is, “the treatment of disease by means of chemicals that have a specific toxic effect upon the disease-producing microorganisms of that selectively destroy cancerous tissue” (Dictionary.com). In other words, chemotherapy is used with chemicals to treat diseases.

Physics 132 Hasbrouck 212 Cassidy Grace Lab 6: Radioactivity Abstract In this experiment we studied the strength of radioactive elements using the properties of ionizing radiation. The sources we used in this experiment are alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. We also studies the principles of the Rutherford experiments in that the nucleus was found to be very small because the forces that hold it together and also that the protons and the neutrons reside in the nucleus.

Chemotherapy is a drug treatment that uses chemicals to kill cancer cells. The drugs are most often given through a vein, after that the chemotherapy chemicals travel throughout your body. It can also help people with bone cancer that has spread beyond the bone to other areas in the body. Radiation therapy is also an option. Radiation therapy uses high-powered beams of energy to kill cancer cells.

Referring to Table 1, the reactants for each run were transferred to an Erlenmeyer Flask (250 mL) via a buret. Using a precision pipette, the volume of I3- required for each run was carefully extracted and poured into the flask containing all of the reactants. Immediately after the Iodine solution was placed in the flask, the LabQuest began collection data. Meanwhile, a small portion of the solution, was used to rinse the cuvette, then using a disposable pipette a small amount of the solution was transferred to the cuvette (approx. ¾).

C4564 Description: IC50: 3-AP is a ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor and iron chelator with antitumor activity. Ribonucleotide reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme for de novo DNA synthesis, is an excellent target for chemotherapy. Its increased activity in cancer cells is associated with malignant transformation and proliferation.

Different types of treatment options are available for patients with bladder cancer. There are four types of standard treatment used, which include surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and biologic therapy. Doctor’s recommendation on which treatment is determined by which stage the patient is at. There are also clinical trials in the process, which is a research study that helps improve the current standard treatments. The first standard treatment option is surgery.

Positron emission tomography or pet, it is an advanced tomographic functional imaging modality. This technique depends on detecting gamma ray produced by radio tracer like 18 F "FDG" flouro deoxyglucose through pair production resulting in a pair of gamma-ray each with 511 Kev energy an 180° "add picture of annihilation event ". The uptake mechanism of FDG depends on the metabolism rate of the cell whether it was organ, muscle or a tumour cell. Using this modality technique can help us to accurately diagnose and evaluate re-evaluate patient after