Iodine Clock Reaction

The goal of the experiment is to synthesize a bromohexane compound from 1-hexene and HBr(aq) under reflux conditions and use the silver nitrate and sodium iodide tests to determine if the product is a primary or secondary hydrocarbon. The heterogeneous reaction mixture contains 1-hexene, 48% HBr(aq), and tetrabutylammonium bromide and was heated to under reflux conditions. Heating under reflux means that the reaction mixture is heated at its boiling point so that the reaction can proceed at a faster rate. The attached reflux condenser allows volatile substances to return to the reaction flask so that no material is lost. Since alkenes are immiscible with concentrated HBr, tetrabutylammonium bromide is used as a phase-transfer catalyst.

In addition, phenolphthalein was added as an indicator. The aliquots were titrated against sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution until end point was reached, after which volume of NaOH consumed was recorded. The value of the rate constant, k, obtained was 0.0002 s-1. The experiment was then repeated with 40/60 V/V isopropanol/water mixture and a larger value of k = 0.0007 s-1 was obtained. We concluded that the rate of hydrolysis of (CH3)3CCl is directly proportional to water content in the solvent mixture.

”(Factors that affect the boiling point of water.) Overall there are many ways that water 's boiling point can be affected by outside forces, but the focus will be on alkaseltzer tablets and how they influence water 's boiling point. The active ingredients in the alka seltzer tablet are “As the tablets dissolve, the sodium bicarbonate splits apart to form sodium and bicarbonate ions. The bicarbonate ions react with hydrogen ions from the citric acid to form carbon dioxide gas (and water). This is how the bubbles are made.

If I had a household product labeled sodium bicarbonate, I would add an acidic substance and expect bubble to be created. As we know acid reacts with bubbles when combined with sodium bicarbonate. 2. Write the chemical equation for the reaction in well A6. B BoldI ItalicsU Underline Bulleted list Numbered list Superscript Subscript3 Words NaOh + AgNO3>>>>NaNO3 + AgOH 3.

To calculate the percentage of Cu, we divided the final mass of the penny 0.09 and the initial mass of 2.47 and multiplied by 100. To calculate the percentage of Zn, we divided the final mass of the penny 2.38 and the initial mass of 2.47 and multiplied by 100. During the experiment the hydrochloric acid donated its hydrogen ions in the reaction and then the chloride ions reacted with the zinc ions in the solution. Thus, the zinc dissolved in the highly acidic solution which was caused by the high concentration of H2 ions. Hydrogen gas was generated during the reaction which was seen when bubbles were formed as the penny was dissolved into the beaker.

The chemical equation for this experiment is hydrochloric acid + sodium thiosulphate + deionised water (ranging from 25ml to 0ml in 5ml intervals)  sodium chloride + deionised water (ranging from 25ml to 0ml in 5ml intervals) + sulphur dioxide + sulphur. As a scientific equation, this would be written out as, NA2S2O3 + 2HCL + H2O (ranging from 25ml to 0ml in

The Problem: How does temperature affect the dissolving time of an antacid tablet? Antacid tablets are medicines that help neutralize the acid in your stomach. Antacid tablets are made of numerous numbers of components, such as sodium bicarbonate (baking powder), magnesium hydroxide, critic acid, and many others. When Antacid tablets are placed in water, they undergo a chemical reaction, where the sodium bicarbonate breaks apart to make sodium and bicarbonate ions. When the bicarbonate ions collide with hydrogen ions, it produces carbonic acid.

In this experiment, racemic 2-methylcyclohexanone was reduced using sodium borohydride as a nucleophile to give a diastereomeric mixture of cis and trans secondary alcohols. The products were analyzed for purity using IR spectroscopy and gas chromatography. 1.2 g of 2-methylcyclohexanone and 10 mL of methanol were combined in a flask and cooled in an ice bath. Two 100 mg portions of sodium borohydride were added to the flask and stirred. 5 mL of 3M sodium hydroxide, 5 mL of de-ionized water, and 15 mL of hexane were added to the reaction flask and stirred.

A spin vane was added and a water-jacked condenser was attached. Isopentyl nitrite (0.06ml, 0.045 mmol) was dissolved in 1,2-dimethoxyethane (0.50 ml) in a 3-ml conical vial and caped to prevent loss by evaporation. Running the reaction. The mixture in the 5-ml conical vial containing the tetraphenylcyclopentadienone and anthranilic acid was heated on an aluminum block to 140° C. Once the mixture started to boil the prepared mixture of isopentyl nitrite was added to the 5-ml conical vial through the top of the condenser using a pasture pipette.

Then, after a period of several seconds, the solution turns dark blue. As mentioned, chemical kinetics measures how fast a reaction is occurring. To perform the iodine clock reaction in this science fair project, you will mix potassium iodide, hydrochloric acid, starch, thiosulfate and hydrogen peroxide. The time it takes for the reaction mix to turn blue will be measured with a stopwatch.

A double-replacement reaction also involves the transfer of anions. However, unlike a single-replacement reaction, a double-replacement reaction has two anions being intrechanged. An example of this type of reaction would be the combination of hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide to form water and sodium chloride: HCl + NaOH --> H2O +

The topic of research is, “how fast does an Alka-Seltzer tablet make gas?”. In the experiment, the scientists will be measuring the chemical reaction rates that occur, when 1 Alka-Seltzer tablet is placed in a specific temperature of water. The independent variable during the experiment will be the temperature of the water (degrees Celsius). The dependent variable during the experiment will be, the rate in which gas is produced (in seconds). The constants of the experiment, will be the amount of water used and the Alka Selter compound.

Base is any substance that accepts hydrogen ions in water solutions A: Ranking Substance on the pH Scale 1. pH Scale is the scale used by scientist measuring the relative acidity of a substance B: Some pH Terminology 1. When a solution becomes more basic, the pH rises. Therefore the higher the pH, the more basic the solution: the lower the pH, the more acid in the solution.

The slightly negative end of another hydrogen chloride particle will become attracted to the other end of the particle which has a slight positive charge. Therefore the two dipoles will become drawn together because the electrons are not shared between the two particles of hydrogen chloride. The melting point of hydrogen chloride is -85.05 Celsius however water has a boiling point of 100 degrees. Therefore this proves that hydrogen bonding in water is more powerful than hydrogen chloride because water is more polar than HCL . Water has a higher boiling water because more energy is needed to break the water molecules apart in hydrogen chloride.

Based off the observations created in this lab, the following conclusions have been made in terms of single displacement reactions. Whether or not these types of reactions proceed can be predetermined by using the activity series. If the lone metal in the left side of the equation is above the second metal in the reactant compound then a reaction will take place. However, if it is not then the reaction will not occur.