Q 1. What are the major advantages of IPv6 over the version IPv4? 1. Extended Address Availability
Internet Protocol version 4 address have around4billionsaddresses. Depletion of IPv4 started in 2011. Then Internet Protocol version 6was designed to tackle the problems of address space and a number of related tasks. The updated IP addressing type IPv6, also called (IP Next Generation, which) will extend IP addresses from 32 bits to 128 bits and expand the number of available IP addresses to enormous 3.4 x 1038 or 340,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000.
It was determined that the IPv6 address space will be distributed by IANA «Internet Assigned Numbers Authority - Commission for the standard number of the Internet [RFC-1881]»
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Security/Privacy
Besides the obvious advantages in expanding the address space, the following advantages of IPv6 over IPv4:
In Fact, almost all the benefits of IPv6 are derived precisely from its packet format and addressing form. Reworked and improved standards will implement at the level of a strong cryptographic protocol (encryption) and many services such as QoS (Quality of Service). QoS support in IPv6 entirely at the network layer. This is extremely important for multimedia broadcasts. Changes made in the IPv6 indicate that he does not just solve the basic problem of a lack of address space, and rebuild the entire structure of the Internet so that it would be more logical and well thought-out. Also, the new protocol has possibility ofautomaticalconfiguration IP addresses for the target computers in the network in two ways: c via DHCP or improved without it.
In IPv6 packets can not be fragmented by routers and collected. The sender is obliged to find out in advance the maximum packet size (Maximum Transmission Unit, MTU), supported all the way to the recipient, and, if necessary, carry out on its own fragmentation. It stipulated that MTU can not be less than 576 bytes; probably in the next version of the specification is the value of IPv6 will increase up to 1500 bytes. Removal from the router worry about fragmentation also increases the efficiency of their work, though a bit complicated to some extent, performance and functionality of end
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It was under the second PC's IP will be initialized to the online resources. In this case the IP can be both static and dynamic - according to the contract between the owners and the LAN service provider.
Another noteworthy point: theoretically the IP, when something is static for a particular PC, often begins to be used as a dynamic - and vice versa. The fact that both types of IP-addresses have exactly the same structure, which, looks like a «192.192.192.192», where instead of 192 can be any three digit number. Static and dynamic IP-addresses are completely interchangeable and technologically identical. The difference between them, so it is very small and limited to one feature - the turnover when reconnecting to your ISP or LAN router.
Benefits if “Dynamic” IP
1. Much affordable than static
1.3 How do local area networks (LANs) differ from wide area networks (WANs) and backbone networks (BNs) Local area networks are limited within an organization Wide area networks extend over a large geographical distance and may be privately owned or rented Backbone network are the part of network infrastructure that feeds the connected networks 1.8 Describe the seven layers in the OSI network model and what they do. Application – this layer is specific to applications and provides services such as email, network software services and file transfers Presentation - In this layer, the data is formatted in a schema that network understands, and also manages data encryption and decryption Session – this layer establishes and controls the data communication between
The SFD (start frame delimiter) delimits an Ethernet frame. This happens by breaking bit patterns in the preamble and then marking the start of the Ethernet frame. Maximum payload size is 1500 octets. 2.
RTP is generally obtained extensively through communication and entertainment systems. It requires streaming media, including telephony, video teleconferencing applications online TV services and web-based features push-to-talk. RTP was developed from transport working group audio-video work www engineering work (IETF) and primary composite with RFC 1996. As 1889, replaced from RFC 3550 in 2003. Most text through its memorandum is generally identical to power RFC 1889 where it becomes obsolete.
Assessment 3 – Assignment 1 Student Name: John Matanisiga Student ID No: S11124727 1. The difference between these wireless encryption is that WEP is wired equivalent privacy, a default procedure for wired security networks, WPA is an upgrade from WEP, and it is a wireless protected access to networks, whereas WPA2 is modernized into a more secure Wi-Fi from WPA. 2. With Static addressing, a computer (or other device) is configured to always use the same IP address, whereas dynamic addressing, the IP address can change periodically and is managed by a centralized network service.
This will allow us to create a secure connection to the network over the internet. With this design the campus will have a much more reliable network to its
Other protocols such as secure socket layer (SSL) which operates at the transport layer enable server authentication as well as client authentication and encrypted communication. Using SSL, we could ensure that the information being sent from our companies’ server and any remote clients is secure. However, it is worth pointing out that SSL has a successor known as transport layer security (TLS). As a successor to SSL functionality, wise TLS is very similar. Some of the improvements made in TLS at least TLS v1.2 include less vulnerabilities compared to SSL as well as new algorithm’s .
Tunneling: It is the protocol that allows the secure movement of data from one network to another. UDP amplification DNS: DNS is attacks in which an attacker delivers traffic to the victim of their attack by reflecting it off of a third party so that the origin of the attack is concealed from the victim. It is substantially easier for an attacker to spoof their source address with UDP. Virtual machine:
1. Traffic control: As the data communication is the most energy-consuming part of the wireless sensor networks by decreasing the amount of traffic, energy can be saved. To distribute traffic effectively from a central node to other nodes, investigations are still needed in the network. 2. Preserve the traffic load balancing:
Active Directory is a lot more user friendly than OpenLDAP as well as a lot more “feature-rich”. Linux is definitely more host-centric where everything is determined by the machine itself that is being used. I like the fact that Active Directory takes a different approach and makes it easy to manage your network based on the machine, but easily apply other rules as well. Active directory allows for groups to easily migrate from machine to machine if the need is there.
Understanding networking is a fundamental part of configuring complex environments on the internet. This has implications when trying to communicate between servers efficiently, developing secure network policies, and keeping your nodes organized. Every location or device on a network must be addressable. This is simply a term that means that it can be reached by referencing its designation under a predefined system of addresses. In the normal TCP/IP model of network layering, this is handled on a few different layers, but usually, when we refer to an address on a network, we are talking about an IP address.
Adaptive Location Data Buffering provides two different methods to occasionally confirm an open end-to-end connection with the server. If the IP address of the device is publically addressable, the server can occasionally send “alive” messages via single UDP packets to the phone. If, for security or capacity reasons, the cellular provider does not allow publically addressable IPs, the Adaptive Location Data Buffering module occasionally opens a TCP connection from the phone to the server to determine if there is a successful “alive” response from the server.
It will be able to directed the traffic and share information on the progress of the devices host on the network. This can also be done alone. If there are any communication errors, then the data packets will be checked by the network internet layer before transmitting the data packets. This has to be clear and not be
TELE 5330 – DATA NETWORKING ASSIGNMENT #2 Name: Prashanth Reddy Edunuri Grade (1) Most applications that use peer-to-peer communication also employs client server communication for some portion of functionality as decentralized peer-to-peer networks have numerous compensations over old-fashioned client-server networks. This system endorsed files to be questioned and shared between users, devoid of a central directory, and as a result shielded the network from lawful issues of individual users. By decentralizing resources, P2P networks have been able to virtually exclude expenses allied with a centralized infrastructure.
Abstract- From the emergence of the electronic mail in 1978 to current times, the complication arising from spam has intensified drastically. During the last two decades, several countries have acknowledged spam as a multiplying internet hazard and have taken up initiatives to enact legislations in order to tackle it. However, it is appalling to find that India does not have any specific legislation to tackle it. One of India’s major attempts to tackle spam is the coming of section 66A of the Information Technology Act, 2008.
Verizon benefits from different types of economies of scope. 4G wireless communications act as an invisible common asset between all the telecommunication companies that offer it. Therefore, leading to cost complementarities, indicated as sufficient conditions for the presence of economies of scope. Marketing, distribution, and sales are also common sources of economies of scope that benefit Verizon. Verizon has implemented a successful strategy up to this point.