In continuation of this work on 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives bearing naphthalene ring [45] Anil N. Mayekar et al. [46] contemplated to synthesize some new 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives bearing 6-bromonaphthalene moiety. Recently the H.N.G.U. students carried out some work I the direction of Mannich reaction of 1,3,4-oxadiazole. [47] In the interest of the above facts of benzofuran, 1,3,4-oxadiazole and its Mannich reaction the present candidate proposes the synthesis, and biological evaluation of some new heterocyclic derivatives incorporating napthofuran moiety.
Experimental 2.1. Materials and Methods Chitosan, DD 85%, Mw 420 kDa, Aldrich. 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine-4’,4’’-disulfonic acid sodium salt (Ferrozine) were purchased from Sigma Chemicals. EDTA, ferric chloride and ferrous chloride were supplied from BDH. Potassium ferricyanide was supplied from Riedel laboratory reagents.
tannins, phlobatannins, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, quinones, coumarin, terpenoids and cardiac glycosides and quantitative analysis of total phenolics, alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids was performed by the well-known tests protocol available in the literature. Quantitative analysis of phenolics, alkaloids, saponins and flavonoids had revealed that Mentha spicata possessed maximum phenolic (18.41 %). Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH radical scavenging and reducing power assays. IC50 values obtained by DPPH activity for Mentha spicata crude extract was found to be 170μg/ml and reducing power was found to be maximum (1.92) at 1mg/ml concentration. The results suggest that Mentha spicata has promising antioxidant activity and could serve as potential source of natural antioxidants.
Antoine Villiers in late 19th century discovered the CDs and reported about these crystalline substances in his research article (Figure 2A). In the primary state of development, CDs obtained from digestion of starch by Bacillus amylobacter. The material is resembled with cellulose and did not show reducing properties, so he named this product as “cellulosine” [1]. After 12 later Franz Schardinger a bacteriologist, who described the fundamental properties of this dextrin and also report about the basic chemistry and complex formation properties of these molecules (Figure 2B). Later, he became a “Founding Father” of cyclodextrin chemistry [2-4].
Latterly the acceptable of traditional medicine as an sussesion form of health maintains and the development of mycobacterial resistance to any antibiotics has tend authors to determinate the antimicrobial viability of the parts medicinal plants36-38 . GC-MS analysis of plants compounds was supply in methanol leaves extraction of Cardaria draba, appear in Table (1). The chromatogram GC-MS of the 46 major peak of the sampls compounds determinates was results in Figure (1). Chromatogram GC-MS analysis of the methanol extract of Cardaria draba showed the presence of forty six peaks and the constitutes depending to the peaks were estimates as following. The next peaks considered to be, 8-Hydroxy-2-octanone, Phosphorothioic acid , S-ester, Pyrrolidine , 1,1'-methylenebis, N-[4-Aminobutyl]aziridine, Cycloheptane , 1,2-dimethoxy-,trans, N-[3-[N-Aziridyl]propylidene] tetrahydrofurfuralamine, o-Cymene, 1,13-tetradecadien-3-one, 5-Octadecenal, 2,6-Nonadienal , (E,Z), Piperidine , 1-(1-propenyl), Imidazole , 2-amino-5-[(2-carboxy)vinyl], S-Benzyl-l-cysteinyl-S-tetrahydropyranyl-l-cysteinyl hydrazide, β-D-Glucopyranose , 1-thio-,1-[N-hydroxy-5-(methylthio)pentar, 9-Oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-2,6-diol, Formamide
Pioneering work by Ackermann et al disclosed that less expensive ruthenium complex also can catalyze the isoquinolone synthesis from benzamides with alkynes.24 The reaction of N-substituted benzamides with internal alkynes in the presence of [RuCl2(p-cymene)]2 with Cu(OAc)2.H2O as an oxidant afforded isoquinolones with good substrate scope (Scheme 1.17). The reaction works well with both symmetrical and unsymmetrical alkynes, and in case of unsymmetrical alkynes highly regioselectivity was achieved. Following this report, the same group discovered a green protocol for the synthesis of isoquinolones from N-methoxybenzamides in water (Scheme 1.18).25 In this reaction, carboxylate salts are used as additives along with the ruthenium complex. The green protocol was viable with free hydroxamic acids also. Li et al also reported the synthesis of isoquinolone motif using N-methoxybenzamides 1.60 under mild reaction conditions in the presence of ruthenium catalyst without using any external oxidant.26 Here C-H bond functionalization occurs at room
1.Introduction: Ox diazole, a heterocycles nucleus has attracted a wide attention of the chemist in search for new therapeutic molecules.Five member heterocycles compounds show various type of biological activities among than 2,5-distributed 1,3,4-ox diazole are associated with diverse biological activities [2]. Various biological activities like antimicrobial, anti-tubercular, anti-inflammatory, Anticonvulsant [3], Hypnotic , Anesthetic activity [4]. 1,3,4-ox diazole showed antibacterial properties similar to those of well known sulfonamide drugs. The ox diazole nucleus with N=C-S linkage exhibits a large number of pharmacological activities [5]. Sulfone derivatives containing heterocycles moiety are known for their interesting antifungal bioactivities and have attracted considerable attention in pesticide and medicinal formulation.
1.3.6 Sakai synthesis N. Sakai et al, [12] have synthesized various indole derivatives (17) via indium-catalyzed cyclisation of 2-ethynylanilines in good yields [Scheme 1.7]. Scheme 1.7: Indium catalyzed synthesis of indole. 1.3.7 Zhu et al synthesis A mild preparation of substituted indole (18) from simple aromatic precursors using (trimethylsilyl) diazomethane was reported by L. Zhu et al, [13] [Scheme 1.8]. Scheme 1.8: Synthesis of indole from 2-amino
“Simultaneous determination of Neomycin sulphate and Polymyxin B sulphate by Capillary Electrophoresis with Indirect UV detection” [50] Stationary Phase: fused silica capillary with 50 μm i.d. and 27 cm total length at an applied voltage of 6 kV Mobile Phase: 15 mM phosphate run buffer (pH 5.0) containing 40 mM N-(4-hydroxy-phenyl)acetamide and 50 mM tetradecylammonium bromide (TTAB) Detection: 280nm 7. “Flow Injection Chemiluminescence determination Of Neomycin in Pharmaceutical Formulations” [51] Procedure: The chemiluminescence reaction is based on the enhancing effect of neomycin on the chemiluminescence reaction between luminol-hydrogen peroxide catalysed by potassium ferrocyanide in the Triton X-100 alkaline media. Neomycin solution was injected into a water carrier stream and then mixed with hydrogen peroxide in the presence of Triton X-100 solutions. The reaction mixture was then merged at a Y-piece with a reagent stream consisting of potassium ferrocyanide and luminol in alkaline solution.
5. Results and Discussions 5.1 Methyl erucate synthesis 5.1.1 Chemical analysis of erucic acid Physicochemical properties of erucic acid used for the synthesis of sucrose erucate were analyzed. The results of analysis are depicted in Table 5.1 Table 5.1 Analysis of erucic acid Acid value 166.03 ± 0.9 mg KOH/gm Iodine value 78.04 ± 1.2 g I2/100gm Saponification value 168.05 ± 0.8 mg KOH/gm 5.1.2 Analysis of methyl erucate After synthesis and purification of synthesized methyl erucate general characteristics of product were tested. The results obtained are shown in Table 5.2 and Figure 5.1 Figure 5.1 Color of methyl erucate Table 5.2 General characteristics of methyl erucate Color Light yellow Odour Consistency The results of chemical analysis