PREFORMULATION STUDIES Standard calibration curve In the pre-formulation studies, the λ max of Itraconazole by spectrophotometric method in phosphate buffer pH 6.8 was found to be 262nm. Table no. 1.7: Calibration Curve of Itraconazole in Phosphate Buffer pH6.8 S.no. Concentration (µg/ml) Absorbance 1 0 0 2 2 0.12 3 4 0.26 4 6 0.38 5 8 0.44 6 10 0.57 Fig 1 : Standard Graph of Itraconazole in Phosphate Buffer pH6.8 Drug excipient compatibility study Fig 2: FTIR spectra of Itraconazole Fig 3: FTIR spectra of Itraconazole final formulation CHARACTERIZATION OF TRANSFERSOMES EVALUATION OF TRANSFERSOMAL GEL Vesicle shape and type: The surface morphology was studied by Optical Microscopy. The shapes of most of …show more content…
7: Zero order plot for optimized formulation Fig No 8: First order plot for optimized formulation Fig No 9: Higuchi plot for optimized formulation Fig No 10: Peppas plot for optimized formulation STABILITY STUDIES The stability studies were carried out according to the procedure described in the previous section. The results were shown in the table below: Table 2.1: % Entrapment efficiency and % Drug content after stability studies (T6) Number of Days % Entrapment Efficiency at temperatures % Drug Content at temperatures 4±2oC 25±2oC 37±2oC 4±2oC 25±2oC 37±2oC 15 88.5 87.82 88.83 93.6 93.1 93.6 30 87.3 86.71 88.05 93.1 92.5 92.6 90 87.0 86.18 87.70 92.6 92.7 91.2 SUMMARY The work was carried out to prepare Itraconazole transfersomal gel to achieve controlled release effect at the site of administration The pre-formulation studies like UV analysis of Itraconazole, FTIR were complied with BP standards. The FTIR spectra revealed that there were no interactions between the drug and the carriers. Transfersome formulations were prepared by thin film hydration technique and were incorporated into 2% carbopol gel. The Formulation T6 containing Lecithin: Span-80 in ratio 85:15(%w/w) has higher entrapment efficiency and maximum drug
The US FDA conducted a scientific analysis using a computational model to determine the compound in
o Are the individual ingredients all present at active dose levels? o Is the dose spacing appropriate for each ingredient? o Is the recommended dose appropriate? (If not, discuss what dose / how much of the product would you recommend OR why it is not possible to recommend an appropriate dose.) How to present and submit your assignment •
The structure of the cell was very visible when using the anti-tubulin. When observing the anti-actin the microfilaments were visible. The actin filaments were much thinner than those of the microtubules. The actin filaments were best observed in the periphery of the cell compared to those of the tubulin, which are spread throughout the cell because they help stabilize the cell. The TRITC dyed cells depict better the whole structure of the cell, the nucleus is more visible than those that are dyed with FITC.
A.H is a twenty-seven-year-old Arabic speaking mother who was admitted October 4, 2015 for fetus delivery. Gestation at this time was 40 weeks and one day. Her last menstrual period was December 30, 2014. Her Gravida ( G), Term births (T), Preterm Birth ( P), Abortions (A) and Living children (L) is 2/2/0/0/2. She gave birth to R.H, a beautiful baby girl, October 5, 2015 at 0817.
The cell resembles an oval, and can be found bunched up in random patterns.
Solubility is a thermodynamic process which determines “how much” of the solute dissolves in a solvent, whereas dissolution is a kinetic process which determines “how long” it takes to reach the value. Both these processes are important in determining the residence time of an inhaled drug locally in the lungs. Equilibrium solubilities of moxifloxacin and ethionamide were determined in PBS, pH 7.4 without and with lung surfactant, Curosurf®. Solubilities of moxifloxacin and ethionamide (Table 1) in PBS were found to be 17.68 ± 0.85 mg/mL and 0.46 ± 0.02 mg/mL while in 0.4% curosurf were found to be 20.76 ± 0.35 mg/mL and 0.56 ± 0.03 mg/mL, respectively. Solubility of moxifloxacin was ~38 time higher than ethionamide in both the media tested.
Our sample melting point range was 168-169 which when compared to the literature value of 169 degrees Celsius, indicated that our sample was paracetamol and relatively pure. Additionally, the NMR analysis resulted in values of Shift (ppm), Integration (relative number of protons) and Assignment (proton identification) as well as the number of peaks was similar to the ones observed in pure paracetamol. However, the TLC data was contrary to what was expected due to the Rf values of our paracetamol (0.678) and the commercial version (0.625) differed by 0.053, showing that our product might still have
Specific Aims/Hypothesis(es) to be tested Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) is the most common cause of vaginal symptoms among women of reproductive age, ages 15-44 years. The number of lactobacilli in the vagina of women with BV is significantly lower than that in healthy women. While some women may be asymptomatic, most experience thin, white or yellow abnormal vaginal discharge and malodor, especially after intercourse. Women with BV have an increased risk of many gynecological complications. Bacterial infections have been linked to increased risk factors for many sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
Vegetarian gelatin comes from raw cellulose, which is found in cell walls. The sponge inside a grow capsule is made from foam rubber or from cellulose.
The basis of all the spectrophotometric techniques for multicomponent samples is the property that at all wavelengths, a) The absorbance of a solution is the sum of absorbances f the individual components or b) To measure the absorbnce of sample solution with that of reference standard solution. Simultaneous Equation method If a sample contains two absorbing drugs (X and Y) each of which absorbs at the λmax of the other, it may be possible to determine both drugs by the technique of simultaneous equation.
When interpreting concentration measurements, factors that need to be considered include the sampling time in relation to drug dose, dosage history, patient response, and the desired medicinal targets. The goal of therapeutic drug monitoring is to use suitable concentrations of difficult-to-manage medications to optimize clinical outcomes in patients in various clinical situations. Keywords: Drug monitoring, therapeutic; Pharmacokinetics Introduction Therapeutic drug monitoring is generally defined as the measurement of specific drugs at timed intervals in order to maintain a relatively constant concentration of the medication in the bloodstream. Monitored drugs tend to have a narrow therapeutic index, that is a ratio between the toxic and therapeutic doses of medications.
The method was developed on a Novapak C18 (250×4.6mm, 5µ particle size) column using phosphate buffer (pH7.4) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 60:40, v/v as a mobile phase which was pumped at flow rate of 1.0m/min and detection was done at 302nm.the retention time of drug was found to be 7.71min. A prominence isocratic HPLC system (HPLC YL9000 series) with autochro 3000 software an uv detector. A 20 µl hamitton injection syringe was used for sample injection. Preparation of standard and stock solutions 40 mg of Omeprazole was weighed and transferred to 100ml volumetric flask containing 30 ml of 0.1NNaoH.
Practical I: Acid-base equilibrium & pH of solutions Aims/Objectives: 1. To determine the pH range where the indicator changes colour. 2. To identify the suitable indicators for different titrations. 3.
FTIR Spectroscopic Study on Quantitation of Urea in Human BloodSerum Abstract: The quantitation of urea has been achieved using FTIR spectroscopy. The FTIR spectra of human blood serum samples are recorded in Mid IR region 4000-400 cm-1.The normal blood serum is treated with urea at different concentrations and FTIR spectra are recorded, which confirm the specific peaks related to urea. A plot between concentration of urea and percentage of absorbancehas shown linear relationship.
The substituents should therefore be hydrophobic and electron donating for maximum activity. • log 1/C is the concentration of drug that has a defined biological activity. The bigger the value of log 1/C , the smaller the value of c, the better the drug. • P is a measure of overall hydrophobicity. • π is the substituent hydrophobicity constant and measures the hydrophobicity of a specific region on the drug’s skeleton.