Jacob Winkleman Case Summary

In September of 1961, a woman from District of Columbia had an intruder break into her apartment. While the invader of the home was there, they had taken her wallet, and also raped the woman. During the investigation of the crime, the police had found some latent fingerprints in the apartment. The police then established and processed the prints. The prints were then connected back to 16 year old Morris A. Kent.

Facts: Shortly after the beginning of the 1994-1995 school year, Katherine Taylor was diagnosed with bipolar disorder and was hospitalized. Shortly before being released to go back to work, her son contacted the school to request accommodations for his mother. When Taylor returned to work, her duties were lessened and her day was being micromanaged by the new principal, Mendel. In all the years she had worked for the school, the defendant had no disciplinary issues and actually received the following comments from the previous principal "excels in all aspects" of her job, was a "credit to our school," and "a tribute to excellence. " The defendant alleges that Mendel documented every misstep or problem that she had and only brought them to her

FACTS: In 1951, a lawsuit was filed by Oliver Brown-lead plaintiff, and other African-American parents, to the Board of Education of Topeka,Kansas, whom is the defendant. The conflict occurred when Brown’s daughters got rejected to attend at a white elementary school near their house because of their race, and got sent to an all black elementary far away instead. Feeling segregated for his children and having to walk through dangerous railroads to the bus stop for school was a hassle, Brown brought the case to his Federal district court. Here, the judge ruled in favor of the Board of Education and stated that separation between African-American and white students in public education was okay as long as the conditions- teachers, transportations,

In Doe v. Koger, a student with intellectual disabilities was expelled based on disciplinary issues. The school denied the student a due-process hearing for students with disabilities. When the family took the school district to court, it was ruled that before changing the placement of a student with disabilities through long term suspension or expulsion, a hearing must be held to determine whether the child’s inappropriate behavior was a result, or manifestation of his/her disability. Doe v. Kroger was a monumental court case in the history of special education because it determined that students with disabilities can in fact be suspended or expelled as a disciplinary measure, but only after a manifestation determination has taken place

The Supreme Court stated, in Mathews v. Eldridge, that the right to be heard in a meaningful way “before being condemned to suffer a grievous loss” is a basic principle of our society. See Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319; 333 (1976) (citing Joint Anti-Fascist Comm. v. McGrath, 341 U.S. 123, 168 (1951)). However, they proceeded to counter this by saying that due process was flexible and its procedures should be tailored to the particular situation. See Mathews v. Eldridge, 424 U.S. 319; 333 (1976).

PARTIES: The named plaintiff, Oliver L. Brown, is the parent of Linda Brown and is African American. Oliver was one of thirteen plaintiffs in this lawsuit. The remaining plaintiffs included in this lawsuit were Darlene Brown, Lena Carper, Sadie Emmanuel, Marguerite Emerson, Shirley Fleming, Zelma Henderson, Shirley Hodison, Maude Lawton, Alma Lewis, Iona Richardson, and Lucinda Todd. These thirteen plaintiffs represented twenty children in this lawsuit.

One of the greatest Supreme Court decisions is Brown v. Board of Education. Children during the 1950’s were racially segregated in public schools which violated the Equal Protection Clause under the Fourteenth Amendment (“Brown v. Board of Education, par 1.) A significant amount of the United States had segregated schools in 1954 because the court case Plessy v. Ferguson in 1896, states that segregated schools were constitutional as long as the black and white facilities were equal. The black families had to send their children to all-black schools that were usually miles away from where they lived. The schools were not as great as the white schools, and the buildings were often run down and dangerous.

The Supreme Court case, Brown vs. Board of Education 349 U.S 294, dealt with the segregation of black children into “separate but equal schools.” The Brown vs. Board of Education was not the first case that dealt with the separating of the whites and blacks in schools. This case was actually made up of five separate cases heard in the United States Supreme court concerning the issue of segregation in public schools. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Briggs v. Elliot, Davis v. Board of Education of Prince Edward County (VA.), Boiling v. Sharpe, and Gebhart v. Ethel were the five cases that made up the Brown case. Thurgood, Marshall, and the National Association for the Advance of Colored People (NCAAP) handled these cases.

The late 1960’s and early 1970’s was a time of unrest in the United States. America was in the middle of a civil rights movement, American racism was nearly at its breaking point. In 1968 Martin Luther King, a civil rights activist, was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee. That same year the Association of American Medical Colleges made a recommendation to open up nearly twelve percent to first year medical school classes to minority students(McNeese pg. 14).

Brown v. Board of Education was a Supreme Court Case held in Topeka, Kansas, May 17th, 1954 declaring segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. It did end segregation in schools but problems followed shortly after including struggles with the Civil Rights laws, voting rights and bussing. The 15th amendment “grants all men the right to vote and shall not be denied on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude”. This was especially towards African American males in the South. Many Southern states tried to prevent them from voting by requiring that all male African Americans to pay a poll tax and take a literacy test which is a test of one’s ability to read and write.

The Cold War is a very significant event, and perhaps one of the most important throughout US history. The Cold War shaped American in many aspects like, foreign policy, political ideology (ism’s), economy, the presidency, and lives of American’s. According to APA, (American Psychological Association) the Cold War was, “intense economic, political, military, and ideological rivalry between nations, short of military conflict; sustained hostile political policies and an atmosphere of strain between opposed countries.” The Cold War on foreign policy had to step up against the Soviet Union, the strategy they implemented was called “containment”. Containment was a policy used by the US using strategies to prevent the spread of communism overseas

Therapy can be used for many different reasons. Whether it be for one’s physical or mental and emotional health. Both have the potential to help young people and harm young people. Conversion/Reparative therapy is used to treat people who have same sex attractions and is meant to change one’s sexuality to a heterosexual. Some believe that it is wrong to like someone of the same gender, or wrong to change gender.