CASE 1
1. Are self-evaluations being hurt?
Jane Kravitz has a positive core self-evaluation and thinks she can get any job done. Jane was informed by Chuck Taylor that Lyndon Brooks’ performance is not up to the mark. But, Jane thought that she was a good manager who knew to cajole, nurture and direct her subordinates and hence had a high self-esteem. She thought that she could handle Lyndon and tried to negotiate with him. She showed a high degree of agreeableness while handling him. But she did not get a positive response from Lyndon and hence her self-esteem got hurt and she adjusted too much to accommodate Lyndon. Also, she was confident that her team would fulfill the strategic objectives, however due to the behavior of Lyndon, she could
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But Jane made him sign a contract which hurt him very much. All these hurt his self-evaluations.
2. Are attribution errors present?
Attribution theory explains the ways in which we can judge the people. In the given case initially we are given only Jane’s perspective which biases against Brook which made us have a preconceived assumption of Brook. The same happens when we see the Brooks part of the story.
Initially he thought Jane will support him always but when Jane made him sign the contract he blamed her which we can consider a fundamental attribution error because he held Jane responsible but actually Jane was under the pressure of higher management. She had to save herself if Brook fail to deliver which was very much prominent from his track record.
Brook has the characteristics of blaming external factors for his failures like inexperienced team and unfavorable field of work for his inefficiency and inability to adapt to the situation. Also he only praised himself for the successes he achieved in the past. These contributes to the multiple attribution errors we see in the case.
3. Are perceptual distortions playing a
As a Psychology major, I am taught to analyze people in an objective and holistic way. More than once, all humans tend to fall into the trap of the fundamental attribution error. The FAE is the claim that, in contrast to interpretations of their own behavior, people place undue emphasis on internal characteristics of the agent (character or intention), rather than external factors, in explaining another person’s behavior. This means that people tend to accuse a person's errors on internal factors, instead of how external factors can lead to errors. As I was reading “I’d
The attribution theory is a theory that proposes that people attempt to understand the behaviour of others by associating it with either situational (external) or dispositional (internal) factors. While this an interesting and popular theory, it has been discovered that when attributing behaviour, we often make errors, as we are more biased and judgemental than we would like to think. The two attribution errors that I will bring up in this essay are The Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE) and the Self-Serving Bias (SSB). The Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE) implies that when we observe the behaviour of others, we tend to over-attribute their behaviour to dispositional factors and underestimate the influence that situational factors may have had.
In an article, Warren stated that “We tend to judge ourselves by our intentions and others by their actions” (Warren 1). This is because no one can truly know what a person 's motives are, but they can know their own intentions. It is easier to conclude an idea of a person based on what one can see and know for sure. A person can have good intentions, but the outcome may turn out unfavorable, knowing the final action is simpler to judge because it can be known for sure. Warren also stated that “If we judged ourselves by how our actions are perceived by others, we may become more sensitive and understanding of any hurtful responses by them” (Warren 1).
Deception can be used as a noble shield to protect someone from a hideous truth that can be to their undoing, or it can be a means of intentionally destroying someone; destroying their happiness, their trust, and their peace with the vile vice that is deception. How can the motive for the deception be determined? A straightforward answer is rarely available, and it must be something that the reader decides for him or herself. By examining specific evidence, a conclusion can be drawn about one’s character. Jane Eyre is the subject here.
Jane Eyre Discussion Questions Mrs. Amato Honors English 11 Gabby Sargenti CHAPTERS 1-4 1. Review the details Brontë provides about the weather in the opening chapter of the novel. How does this establish the mood of the story when it begins? “Cold winter” “Leafless” “Cloud” “Chilly” “Protruding rain”
When she was young, she could not process the way her father raised and treated her, so she believed everything he said. When she is able to understand, her tone changes and becomes clinical and critical remembering the way he constantly let her
Katherine Knight 1 OVERVIEW OF THE CRIME On February 29th of 2000, after finally getting fed up with the constant assaults he endured from his partner; Katherine Knight, John price went to the Scone Magistrates court to take out an apprehended violence order (AVO) against Katherine, in a hope to keep her away from his kids and himself once and for all. Later that night, an unknowing Katherine Knight turned up to John Price’s house and they went on to have sexual intercourse. After this, Knight stabbed Price in his sleep, resulting in Price attempting to run away down the hall, this, however was an unsuccessful attempt and knight ended up stabbing him at-least a further 36 times.
Finally, the fundamental attribution error occurs when a person fails to notice situational factors and assume that a behavior or specific actions are due to an individual’s personality or character traits (Harman, 1999).
In that example written, people can get trusted easily sometimes. Another reason, is it can turn statements into excuses that can manipulate others. One example from Ericsson’s is that someone has inaccurate perceptions about someone. In
In Jane Eyre, Charlotte Brontë explores a love story between two characters, Mr. Rochester and Jane, which is formed from deception. Mr. Rochester lies to Jane on multiple occasions. He does not admit who he is to Jane right way, creates a facade as a gypsy, and finally falsifies his past marriage with Bertha. Deception serves as a problem in their relationship, but ultimately they are able to put it behind them and find happiness together. When the character of Bertha Mason is introduced, it is revealed that Mr. Rochester has a past he wishes to forget and his interest for Jane stems from his hatred of Bertha and their unsuccessful marriage.
In the movie, Philadelphia, psychologists are able to apply: attribution theory, self-verification theory, social identity theory, cognitive dissonance, and drive theory to explain the behavior of some people. The attribution theory explains the cause of someone’s behavior by associating it to their personality or situation. In the movie, it is applied when Andrew is fired. The law firm claimed that they fired Andrew because of his incompetence, which is a fundamental attribution error because they were blaming him for the reason they fired him.
In Charlotte Bronte’s novel “Jane Eyre” Edward Fairfax Rochester plays a contributing role in Janes development and growth as a character and human being in the Victorian time period. Not only does he play a large role in her independency, but in her emotional and spiritual growth as well. She grows around him whether she likes it or not. Due to Edwards manipulative and seductive nature, jane has to grow and develop in a way that has her frequently questioning her own ideals, whether that be spiritually or morally, and strengthening her independence by constantly refusing her feelings for him and adapting to punishing situations. Edward also opens Janes eyes to a world that is bigger than she realized due to his company at the house, wealth, and opportunities at the favorable Thornfeild manor at which she was employed by him.
But here cobb tries to justify his argument saying that he didn’t mean it and it was outburst by the condition(external attribution)(0:59:15). So this is an example of the actor observer bias too. Fundamental Attribution Error "Bright? He's a common, ignorant,
When an individual interacts with another individual, his/her judgment about that individual is based on his/her own experiences, and expectations. In other words, those individuals are imprinting their past experiences on the new person. Chimamanda Adichie was misjudged herself and misjudged others. Adichie talks about in her speech how she was misjudged by her college roommates. “She asked where I had learned to speak English so well, and was confused when I said that Nigeria happened to have English as its official language” (Adichie 04:01).
No one knows for sure why we commit the fundamental attribution error, but one likely culprit is the fact that we’re rarely aware of all of the situational factors impinging on others’ behavior at a given moment. Contrarily, we’re less likely to commit the fundamental attribution error if we’ve been in the same situation ourselves or been encouraged to feel empathic toward those we’re