Jay Heinrichs Thank You For Arguing Sparknotes

In the Introduction, Jay Heinrichs outlines the importance of Rhetoric in an Argument. Rhetoric is language designed to have a persuasive or impressive effect on its audience. Heinrichs also states that his reasoning for writing the book is to explain the importance of Rhetoric in an argument. In Part 1 Heinrich lays out the basics of arguing. Every argument has three steps. The first step is stimulating the audiences’ emotions, second, changing the audience’s opinion, and third, getting the audience to do something. Heinrich also states that there are three different types of arguments. These three distinct arguments are Forensic, demonstrative, and deliberative. Forensic arguments are concerned with blame and take place in the past tense.

He uses the instance of a short speech he delivers about fighting noise pollution. Heinrichs uses the five-step method of oration created by Roman emperor Cicero. The five steps are invention, arrangement, style, memory, and delivery. Heinrichs studies the oration techniques of Barack Obama who is considered a great user of rhetoric. Heinrichs then offers the most basic yet effective structure to an argument. The first step in the structure is an introduction. The introduction is the step in which ethos should be used. The introduction should win you the goodwill of the audience. Another name for this section is Exordium. The next step is narration, or statement of facts. In the narration the history of the matter is disclosed, and facts and figures are stated. It should be brief, clear, and plausible. State facts in chronological order and keep it predictable. The audience should hear usual, expected, and natural facts. The next step is disclosure. Disclosure should list the points where you and your opponent agree. Definitions can be disclosed as well. The next step is proof. Proof is where the actual argument is revealed. The argument pack should be set using phrases like “We should do this because of that.” Refutation is where you discredit and destroy your opponent’s argument. The last step is a conclusion, which should restate your best points and if necessary, get a little emotional. Heinrichs also gives us five canons to be used in a speech or presentation, created by Edward Everrett who delivered the real Gettysburg address. The First canon, invention requires materials to be dug up for the speech. This section uses just about all the logical techniques learned in the book. The second canon, arrangement, is the narration, division, proof, and refutation. Those four middle parts should be heavy on logos. The last part of the arrangement,