Introduction The phrase “public interest” is a mysterious one, often used, but never completely understood. It seems to justify political actions as well as controversial policies and serves the common good by aggregating all preferences of the individuals within the society. Mark Twain, an appreciated and highly respected American writer, even realized: “No public interest is anything other or nobler than a massive accumulation of private interests.” (Twain, Smith and Griffin, 210, 275). Kenneth Arrow, undoubtedly one of the most influential thinkers and economists, expressed his very own point of view by introducing the Impossibility Theorem (Arrow, 1983) and therefore contributing to the field Social Choice Theory. In the following paper, …show more content…
In our case specifically, majority rule even reveals a cycle (as and is not only intransitive), as A is preferred to B, B to C and C to A, which is known as Condorcet Paradox and named after M. J. A. Nicolas Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet, who first described this paradox in his essay Essai sur l 'application de l 'analyse à la probabilité des décisions rendues à la pluralité des voix (Condorcet, 1785). It is worth mentioning that not all intransitive orders are cyclic and that Arrow’s Theorem does not focus on cycles, but on intransitive social preference orders. For a closer focus on cycles, see Thomas Schwartz (1986) who modified Arrow’s Theorem in order to formulate a reviewed Impossibility …show more content…
Ordeshook (1986) tried to cover both of them in Game theory and political theory and reminds us in particular to prove the general possibility of an appearance of the Condorcet Paradox , which is defined as the “frequency with which the paradox occurs” (Ordeshook, 1986: 58). By computing the likelihood of a revealed cycle, he tried to draw several conclusions about the importance of the problem of the Condorcet Paradox. Ordeshook assumed all individual preference rankings to be equally likely and found that the probability of the Condorcet Paradox is never zero, but 0.056 when taking three alternatives and three individuals into consideration. By increasing either the numbers of voters or the number of alternatives, the likelihood is bound to increase (Ordeshook,
The “Scholastic Election” in 1940, states that the children have predicted every presidential election correctly with only two exceptions. This result cannot be created without parents, who have the privileges to vote, espouses to their children. Thought there are two exceptions: Turman’s win over Dewely in 1948 and Kennedy’s win over Nixon in 1960, both election have reasons to their mispredicting. The election between Turman and Dewely was mispredicted because Dewely supporters losing motivation to vote by the widespread victory projection. Kennedy and Nixon’s election was mispredicted because Nixon lost the electoral poll despite winning the popular poll.
Appendix I chose to write my appendix over our first assigned essay. The “Argument Description” was about an essay called “Corn-Pone Opinions” by Mark Twain. The Ancient Rhetorics for Contemporary Students, also known as ARCS, is the English book that teaches classic rhetorical elements and how to better understand the concept of Academic writing. There were two specific chapters from the ARCS book that helped me provide the evidence to create an argument and its justifications for this essay and they were chapter 5 and 7. Chapter 5 of ARCS was Logical Proof: Reasoning in Rhetoric Probabilities, while chapter 7 was Pathetic Proof: Passionate Appeals.
Thought out a person's childhood, they experience events that transform them to become who they are later in the life. People have to deal with the decision of what right and what's wrong. At a young age, Huck chooses to run away from his home because he was raised by a father who was an alcoholic and means towards Huck. He really did not care for him. Huck knows this is wrong, but does it anyway, he decides to help a slave name Jim escape and try to help him reunite with his family again, by doing this he knows he is going to get in trouble if he gets caught.
The Gilded Age was a time of greed, money hungry corporation, and an obsession with wealth. Mark Twain’s novel, The Gilded Age, speaks about the business leaders negative impact on their works with the pursuit of wealth. This era saw a raise in economic growth, with an increase in workforce for all ages and genders. ( Topic 6, overview ) Despite the large number of women who still only worked within the home,the Gilded Age, saw a increase of women involved in education and other areas.