In leadership studies, listening is theorized as an essential dimension of effective leadership and a way leaders demonstrate respect and appreciation of others (Greenleaf, 1977). Servant leaders listen to those they serve (Greenleaf, 1977). Engleberg and Wynn (1997) emphasize that "good leaders are good listeners . . . [who] do not fake attention, pretend to comprehend, or ignore members. Instead, they work as hard as they can to better understand what members are saying and how those comments affect the group and its goals" (p. 127).
Southard and Wolvin conducted a case study in listening and leadership using President Jimmy Carter and his July 15, 1979, Address to the Nation on Energy and National Goals. They argue that in the development and delivery of Carter’s speech, the topic of listening was placed as a focal point “to change the way the president and the American public interfaced.” (Southard and Wolvin, 2009) As quoted in their research, Carter wanted “the American people to be a part of it [the political process].” (Southard and Wolvin, 2009)
Carter promised fireside chats, television and call-in radio programs. The Carter administration was portrayed as a listening administration, developing a communication strategy that encouraged listening to public concerns. Southard and Wolvin investigated how this strategy was communicated in the speeches
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145, 2009) A transformational listening leader would possess charismatic, visionary qualities attributed to transformational leaders while also practicing active listening skills. Southard and Wolvin’s case study of Jimmy Carter demonstrated that “listening is a necessary condition for effective leadership, but it is not a singularly sufficient one.” (p. 150,
It is of great importance that a leader understands one’s people, for this understanding between leader and subjects form mutual respect. A leader must attempt, if the means are
Then he mentioned that people distrusted the government and worried about the energy crisis. Also, he acknowledged that there were some mistakes in the government, and there was a fundamental threat to American democracy. However, more and more people lost their confidence in the development of the country, President Carter regarded it as “the crisis of confidence”. He considered that it was not happening overnight, but happened for a long time with shocks and tragedy. Therefore, he encouraged people to have faith in each other and have faith in the nation to get through the difficulties.
President Ronald W. Reagan was known as a great communicator. In his “Address from the Brandenburg Gate (Berlin Wall)” speech, President Reagan called upon the leader of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev, to open the gates and tear down the wall that divided Berlin. Reagan appealed to the West Berliners by connecting with them through emotions because they rebuilt their city and had prospered and were free. He uses facts to persuade the West Berliners they would benefit from tearing down the wall. He uses examples how other countries who have achieved freedom have been successful.
Ronald Reagan was elected in 1980. He had disenchantment with government and politics in his past. Not only was he in depth and acknowledged with the operation of politics, but was as well in depth with the intricacies of entertainment. His presidential election contained a transformation that was at the least of most American’s expectations, with his past of show business. His beginning to presidency was the point of a convergence, which that involved his acting career, and then becoming a dominant figure in politics, and in the nation.
President’s power is seen as persuasive because it involves bargaining that stems from their position, status, and prestige (Howell). Because the president’s power is more in a persuasive scale, he has scarce sources to reach the large expectations of the public. The President takes his ideas for new policies and expectations to the office but to achieve it, he must work together with the Congress (Neustadt 30). Second, the unilateral perspective from William G. Howell comprehends presidential power as a power beyond persuasion and negotiation with the Congress. For this perspective, presidents have direct power on government and public policy.
In his emotionally inspiring speech, “Shuttle Challenger Address,” Ronald Reagan expresses his deepest condolences to the people most affected by the Challenger accident. He advances his speech with a gentle yet strong willed facade in order to inspire the future generations of astronauts to not let this tragedy affect their future endeavors. Raegen then briefly puts his presidential status aside in order to further express the depth of his pain, not only at a presidential level, but as an American citizen concerned for the well being of his country. Raegen applies different types of rhetorical devices in order to emotionally appeal to the people most affected by the accident, while at the same time encourage the general public to not let this
His inclusion of analogies and emotional appeals, combined with his strong sense of authority, brings his arguments into focus and gives them a punch. His power in delivering this speech quite possibly kept America looking towards the stars and propelled them into the next age of space exploration. President Reagan’s speech serves as a touching conclusion to a tragic event. Despite the terrible catastrophe, Reagan’s four-minute speech provided closure on the one-minute tragedy whose impact will be felt for
Jimmy Carter - Persuasive Techniques Usually, when people have to give a speech or write an essay they have to convey a message or convince the audience of a specific idea or argument. In this instance it is very important for the speaker to use the correct techniques so they can connect to the audience and convince them of their point of view. For politicians especially they must be able to have the audience intrigued and convinced of their ideas. In his speech to prevent those who wanted to industrialize and drill oil in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in Alaska, President Jimmy Carter can be seen using many of the common argumentative techniques, such as logos, pathos, and ethos, to convince his audience against the industrialization of the Refuge. To build his argument, the reader can see Carter use his personal experiences, historical evidence, and alternative options to support his claim.
“As a matter of fact, I visited Poland, Yugoslavia and Romania, to make certain,” continued Ford. Jimmy Carter came out with the win that year.’’ (Cramer, 2016) So the debate between Jimmy Carter and Gerald Ford really helped open the eyes of the audience to know who they should vote for as their next
When Carter became President the House and Senate had Democratic majorities, so many people thought it would be easy for Jimmy to get laws passed, but it was not that easy. Congress blocked Jimmy’s proposals for welfare reform and for a long-range energy program. Carter was not getting the changes made that he had told the people he would and this
In his remarkable “Berlin Wall Speech”, Ronald Reagan persuasively applies arguments based on integrity to demonstrate his credibility as a winner of democracy, assertions based on rationale to justify his invocation, and pleas to emotion to strengthen his association to the ethics of Berliners and to liberty, in his ple on Gorbachev to demolish the “Berlin Wall”, advance harmony, and encourage freedom in Berlin. The inauguration of Ronald Reagan’s speech is typified by his appeals to the social and cultural principles of Berliners, their lasting impression of association to Americans, and their understanding of Reagan’s justification of equality, all of which are intended to acquire the audience’s belief. Reagan applies ethos in legislating his character as a speaker when he declares it is his “...duty to
Analyzing Challenger’s Address Delivered on January 28, 1986, Ronald Reagan’s speech addressing the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster was a plausible proof of the possibility to communicate various ideas during a tough situation effectively and efficiently. In a speech that lasted less than five minutes, Ronald Reagan managed to express his thoughts verbally and attempt to persuade his audience through an eulogy, a speech characterized by its epideictic occassion, that had been infused with a deliberative content that did not conflict with the core of the speech. Before one can analyze the details of Ronald Reagan’s speech, understanding the purpose behind the creation of the speech might be useful for understanding the context of the speech as a whole. Based on the speech how it relates to common speech purposes
The level of professionalism and nerves required to deliver such a sentence to a world leader is something great, heroic men can only dream of. Finally, Thatcher uses the personification of the words Reagan told Gorbachev during a very taxing, toxic world-wide situation. She described Regan’s words as ,”candid and tough,” as giving the words weight and significance in the sense of human
On August 8th, 1974 at exactly 9:01 pm, Richard Nixon--former President-- gave a speech that would affect both United States history and the american people. Richard Nixon’s argument and claim lay within the textual aspects, in other words, his tone, attitude, and the strategic ways of presenting to his audience. In this historical speech, Richard Nixon broadcasted his character, past decisions, and future advice to the people of the United States in order to justify his resignation from the presidential office. The rhetorical stylistic tools were effective and instrumental in backing up the argument. Recognition of audience was important, because it will determine his attitude and tone, which was innocence.
Papathanasiou et al. (2014, p. 407) outline authentic leadership as the ability to influence the actions and behaviour of individuals to work together to achieve their goals. Additionally, Goffee and Jones (2005, p. 87) describe authentic leadership as a real thing, an attribute that uniquely defines great leaders. Furthermore, they highlight that authentic leaders are highly attuned to their environment and that whilst they retain their distinctiveness they understand how to strongly influence and win acceptance in strong cultures and how to utilise those cultures as a basis for radical change. President Kennedy also displayed attributes of an effective transformational leader in a time of crisis and sought to inspire and encourage the population to develop and achieve their greatest potential.