c. Theories of Liquidity Management
There are a number of liquidity management theories, the commonly identified ones are as follows:
i. Liquidity Management Preference Theory
This theory was put forward by John Maynard Keynes. Liquidity preference refers to the amount of money the public is willing to hold given the interest rate. Keynes argued that there are three reasons for holding liquid assets. First, they act as ordinary transactions, second the act as a precaution against a rainy day, and third they are used for speculative purposes. Keynes showed that transaction deposits vary inversely with the rate of interest. The main argument in this theory is that at very low interest rate, an increase in the money supply does not encourage
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The main results of the study demonstrate that each ratio (variable) has a significant effect on the financial positions of enterprises with differing amounts and that along with the liquidity ratios in the first place. Profitability ratios also play an important role in the financial positions of enterprises.
Arif (2012) tested liquidity risk factors and assessed their impact on (22) of Pakistani banks during the period (2004-2009). Findings of the study indicate that there is a significant impact of liquidity risk factors on the banks profitability, where an increase in deposits lead to increasing in the bank’s profitability in terms of reducing dependence on the central bank in meeting the customers’ obligations, and profitability is negatively affected by the allocation of non-performing loans and liquidity gap.
Agbada and Osuji (2013) examined empirically the effect of efficient liquidity management on banking performance in Nigeria. Findings from the empirical analysis were quite robust and clearly indicate that there is significant relationship between efficient liquidity management and banking performance and that efficient liquidity management enhance the soundness of
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The study shows that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the degree of capital adequacy in commercial banks and the factors of liquidity risk, and the return on assets, and there is an inverse relationship not statistically significant between the degree of capital adequacy in commercial banks and factors of the capital risk, credit risk, and the rate of force-
People will want their money to be securely kept until they need it and if the bank is not safe they will remove it. An increase in bank failures during the last few months of 1930 generated widespread attempts to convert deposits to cash. People lost faith in the
Case management is a critically important modality in the provision of effective services for individuals who are experiencing difficulty. It is an approach to organising interventions that address the needs and circumstances that significantly impede the life chances of an individual through a collaborative process of assessment, planning, facilitation and advocacy for options and services. There are various forms of case management models and a range of theoretical lenses through which to view human development. However, these models can vary in accordance with the sector in which the dominant or priority issue is located, such as the health sector or the learning and development field. The variation within each of these areas implies that there is much discussion in the literature about the models that are most appropriate and effective for particular client groups, however, for this essay the Brokerage Model and Strengths-Based Model will be the compared models of case management.
Depositors lost all the money stored in that bank. Because of this, consumers spent small amounts of money, which threatened many businesses. Meanwhile, farmers and factories were responsible for the overproduction of goods. Customers’ money was lost
Investors tried to withdraw their reserves and unfortunately even the banks had invested in stock. Firstly, this essay will discuss and look at the monetary
Due to the widespread panics that were causing banks to go out of business, banks were in need an emergency reserve so in times of panic. In 1907, the sever panic wreaked havoc on the banking system as the banks did not have enough supply to keep up with the demand of the withdrawals (In Plain English, n.d.). Wide spread panic in
2. Describe how expansionary activities conducted by the Federal Reserve impact credit availability, the money supply, interest rates, and security prices. Expansionary activities conducted by the Federal Reserve impact the credit availability because the interest rates are lower, which promotes small business to expand as well as to making it easy for consumers to take on credit loans. The money supply would be incremented by the Federal Reserve while assuming expansionary activities, in order to promote higher consumption in the economy, which is related and will affect the interest rates by lowering them. By incrementing the levels of consumption the security prices will also change, due the higher demand, factor that will ultimately promote and better the
The first company I have decided to analyse is the corporation American Airlines. Their first flight was on April 15th 1926, where Charles Lindbergh flew a mail route carrying mail and cargo. After eight years of flying mail routes, the airline began to form into what it is today. Over the years they have changed operations from flying mail routes to flying passenger routes and have grown their operations to be one of the largest carriers in the world, they boast flights to 350 destinations in 50 countries. (American Airlines 18th march).
Political scientists and historians have always been on the opposite sides on the subject of how a decision is made. Political Scientists claim that by knowing a few details into the major players prior preferences that all future actions can be predicted by using that Rational Actors Model. However, historians refute this theory arguing that without knowing the context or the environment of the player, one can never truly understand the decision making process. By using the events which led to the internment of Japanese Americans I hope to show that any event can fit the model in hindsight but at the time of the actual decision there could have been many options for Japanese Americans short of internment.
Financial ratio analysis is used by both managers and investors to evaluate how well an organization is performing. Managers use these ratios to analyze both operating and financial performance through various components of the firm to determine its solvency (liquidity and leverage), efficiency (activity) and profitability (growth and profitability) (SLU, 2014). The ratios assist in identifying areas where improvements can be made as well as to identify trends (improving or deteriorating) and to make comparative valuations within the industry. Investors on the other hand, use these ratios by comparing various aspects between companies to determine if the firm is a good investment. Samplings of financial ratios (Appendix A) for Target Corporation are
The Vietnam War was similar to many other wars. Although the war didn’t have a formal start it went on the same. America has been involved in Vietnam for more than 25 years (“Comment”). “U.S involvement in Vietnam began with Eisenhower.” Vietnam split into North and South in the late 1950’s.
Keywords: Monetary Policies, Central Banking System, Regulating Wealth, Money Supply, Inflation, Reserve
Definition of economics The study of how man and society choose, with or without the use of money, to employ scarce production resources to produce various commodities over time and distribute them for consumption, now and in the future, among people. Economics is interested in: How are choices made? How choices ought to be made?
Bernard Madoff was one of the most biggest ponzi scheInmer in American History. According to Biography.com Editors article Bernard Madoff Biography Bernard Madoff was born on April 29,1938 in Queens, New York to Ralph and Slvia Madoff (Biography.com Editors). Also, Bernard Madoff went to Far Rockaway High school in 1952 where he was on the swim team and he also had a job being a lifeguard at Silver Point Beach Club at Long Island, New York (Biography.com Editors). The authors continue to say, after he graduated from high school he went to Alabama University for his freshman year and than he transferred to Hofstra University to finish his degree in political science (Biography.com Editors). Furthermore, Bernard Madoff was also the chairman
Economics: John Maynard Keynes' theories on employment, interest, and money What was the motivation that led to the discovery? John Maynard Keynes had a profound impact on the way we view and understand economy. Throughout his lifetime, he published many books containing his theories. As with many other people who have had a great influence on this country, Keynes had started his road to influence through education.
Exposure to credit risk is managed in part by obtaining collateral and corporate and personal guarantees. Counterparty limits are established by the use of a credit classification system, which assigns each counterparty a risk rating. Risk ratings are subject to regular revision. Liquidity Risk Liquidity risk is the risk that the company is unable to meet its payment obligations associated with its financial liabilities when they hall due and to replace funds when they are withdrawn. GK’s liquidity management process, as carried out within the Group through the ALCOs and treasury departments includes: o Monitoring future cash flows and liquidity on a daily basis o Maintaining a portfolio of highly marketable and diverse assets that can easily be liquidated as protection against any unforeseen interruption to cash flow o Maintaining committed lines of credit Currency Risk Currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in foreign exchange rates.