Feminist political thought is classified into three waves the first, second, and third. Each wave and the related theorists have different perspectives of feminism. The three waves occur at different times in history, and this is reflected in the main themes for each wave.
The first wave of feminism occurred in the late 19th to early 20th centuries, and the major theorists were John Stuart Mill and Simone de Beauvoir. In John Stuart Mill’s On the Subjection of Women, Mill’s opinion of the legal subordination of women is morally wrong. “That the principle which regulates the existing social relations between the two sexes, the legal subordination of one sex to the other, is wrong in itself.”(Pg. 388) For Mill sexual inequality of women is
John Stuart Mill wrote The Subjection of Women (1869), arguing in favor of equality between sexes. Mill compares the position of women with slavery in which control by the male sex is based on chivalry and generosity, using bribery and intimidation instead of brutality to secure obedience, deference, and gratitude for protection. Bribery and intimidation effect women economically and morally by having them depend on men, law completes intimidation by discriminatory statues. Much like Wollstonecraft had argued 70 years’ prior, Stuart took cause for women’s education.
Liberty is the foundation that our nation is built upon. In his essay, On Liberty, John Stewart Mill addresses the issue of liberty, and more specifically, the principles relating to it. As a student myself, I have bear witness to the controversial laws that require mandatory school attendance. As a Connecticut resident, our schools were required to be in session for no less than 181 days; students were not allowed to miss more than 10 sessions of each of their classes. Letters are sent home warning parents of the serious repercussions that would not only be applied to their child, but to the parents themselves.
The last author to critique J.S. Mill’s harm principle was Peter Glassman. Of the numerous analysis of John Stuart Mill’s harm principle, Glassman offers the least critical evaluation. In J.S. Mill: The Evolution of a Genius, Glassman views the harm principle as John Stuart Mill’s way of defending each individual’s “power to think,” and as a way to distinguish his ideas of utilitarianism from those of Jeremy Bentham, and his father’s, James Mill (116). Peter Glassman views the harm principle as a defense of an individual’s intelligence. According to Glassman, John Stuart Mill was suggesting that people “are most [themselves] in [their] power to think” (116).
Intro: John Stuart Mill obtained many intellectual foundations from Aristotle that better informed his own political and philosophical interpretations. Mill goes to great length discussing the nature of liberty within society and the importance of individuality and progression, in On Liberty, taking modern stances on Aristotelian assertions. Aristotle spends ample time describing how to acquire virtue and achieve happiness, focusing on conservative moral appeals within a political realm. Mill and Aristotle share similar perspectives on the importance of diversity and the dangers the tyranny of the majority imposes on society, furthermore they synonymously endeavor to define the best laws for the state. While Mill and Aristotle come to similar conclusions on these subjects,
I chose to review the fifth chapter of “New Ideas From Dead Economists” titled The Stormy Mind of John Stuart Mill. John Stuart Mill was born in 1806 in London to two strict parents who began to educate their son at a very young age. Mill’s father was James Mill, a famous historian and economist, who began to teach his son Greek at the age of three. The book reports that “by eight, the boy had read Plato, Xenophon, and Diogenes” and by twelve “Mill exhausted well-stocked libraries, reading Aristotle and Aristophanes and mastering calculus and geometry” (Buchholz 93). The vast amount of knowledge that Mill gained at a young age no doubt assisted him in becoming such a well-recognized philosopher and economist.
4.1. James Mill’s Idea of Rights James Mill clarified the Utilitarian approach to the subject of rights in his writing, Jurisprudence, which he wrote for the Supplement to the Encyclopedia Brittanica. According to him, the rights rank above the duties. He opined that “science distinguished by the name of Jurisprudence, is the protection of rights”. However, James Mill’s conception of rights was in contrast to that of the Benthamite conception of rights.
Introduction: John Stuart Mill essay on Consideration On representative Government, is an argument for representative government. The ideal form of government in Mill's opinion. One of the more notable ideas Mill is that the business of government representatives is not to make legislation. Instead Mill suggests that representative bodies such as parliaments and senates are best suited to be places of public debate on the various opinions held by the population and to act as watchdogs of the professionals who create and administer laws and policy.
The feminist movement started out when women were actually oppressed and less valued by society; they were thought to only have 2 purposes: reproduction and homemaking. Eventually, the men in charge noticed that women were actually people too, and over the course of the 20th century, gave women the right to vote, work wherever they pleased, and have free will over their own lives, instead of being treated like property. This covers both 1st and 2nd wave feminism, which were both reasoned causes. 3rd wave feminism took place in the 1990s and early 2000s, fighting for individuality and freedom of true expression. The cause is still strong, and worth fighting for, until the early 2010s when 4th wave feminism began.
She discusses the history in terms of the first, second, and third waves of feminism. When talking about feminisms first wave, it is about women fighting for the right to vote. It follows the fight for suffrage through the story of Lucy Burns who formed the National Women’s Party. The first wave talked about ignores contributions by women of color or less privileged women. The second wave was probably the most well known for feminist history.
Mill views liberty as a civil and social concept. The purpose of On Liberty is to investigate "the nature and limits of power which can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual." (Mill,1). Following a summary of the evolution of liberty in recent history, Mill discusses social tyranny, claiming that society 's "means of tyrannising are not restricted to the acts which it may do by the hands of its political functionaries." (Mill,8), meaning that society can tyrannize the people in ways other than political.
My topic originated from reading Thomas Carlyle and John Stuart Mill 's debate in December 1849-January 1850. Both writers published anonymously in Fraser ' Magazine, with Carlyle writing a violent critique, ‘Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question’, and Mill sending in an outraged response simply entitled ‘The Negro Question’ that appeared in the following issue. Counteracting Carlyle 's very racist vision of the repartition of work among Black and White Jamaicans with arguments undermining that conception , Mill retorted But I again renounce all advantage from facts: were the whites born ever so superior in intelligence to the blacks, and competent by nature to instruct and advise them, it would not be the less monstrous to assert that
In 1951, Solomon Asche conducted a simple experiment in order to measure the tendency for a person to let their surrounding peers affect his or her answers to the uncomplicated question of the length of lines. While the correct answers to the questions were quite obvious, if the test subject was among a group of people who gave incorrect answers, that test subject was much more likely to give the same wrong answer, despite knowing the truth. Only rarely did a person deviate from the majority answer. Consequently, only when that person accepted their role as a pariah was the truth revealed. This experiment is a prime example of one of the main components of liberty in John Stuart Mill’s
Feminism has three phases called the 1st wave, 2nd wave, and 3rd wave. 1st Wave ( 1830 's- early 1900 's) Women 's Battle for meet contract and property rights.
On Liberty is an excellent work done by John Stuart Mill in which he clearly defined his political ideas. Mill has been a firm advocate of personal liberty and has clearly rejected the social contract ideas. Social contract theory states that every individual is obliged to live in accordance with an agreement with the society in which he lives. But Mill clearly rejects this idea because these social contract ideas are meant to justify the rule or authority of a sovereign instead of ensuring the fundamental rights of the individuals and if not maintained, would result in a complete “state of nature”. Mill believed that individual freedom is important for a perfect society as it lessens the submission of the people and eliminates the dictatorship
Utilitarianism is the theory that invokes the greatest, and least amount of pain and pleasure for the more vast amount of individuals (majority). Utilitarianism is rather a mechanism to find the ‘common ground’ between individuals of different mindsets, and, therefore, make a mutualistic agreement that will either bring great joy, or cause the least destruction. Two philosophers, Jeremy Bentham, the first philosopher to having thought of this concept, and John Stuart Mill, the philosopher who emphasized certain extent of a pleasure are considered great influences to the concept of Utilitarianism. The purpose of this essay is to consider the extent of John Stuart Mill’s influence on Jeremy Bentham’s theory. Jeremy Bentham’s theory is the generalization