John Vervaeke: A Cognitive Analysis

But if we are responsible for our actions, we must also be responsible for ourselves. Hence, Strawson explains that to be responsible for ourselves, we would have to have chosen to be the way we are, which we are unable to do. He ends this interpretation of the argument by stating, "[s]o

The limited capacity can be distributed between activities or tasks taking place simultaneously. The more difficult a task is, the more attention is needed to complete that task. The capacity model views attention as a resource. According to Kahneman (1973), attention can be divided. However, attention can only be divided when there are low levels of mental effort (or when the state of arousal is low) and at high levels of mental effort (or when the state of arousal is high) (Gruszka et.

With the pure practical faculty of reason, the reality of transcendental freedom is also confirmed. For speculative reason, the concept of freedom was problematic, but not impossible. That is to say, speculative reason could think of freedom without contradiction, but it could not assure any objective reality to it… Freedom, however, among all the ideas of speculative reason is the only one whose possibility we know a priori. We do not understand it, but we know it as the condition of the moral law which we do know ( KpV 3-4).

The counter-argument to this is that individuals will adapt their behaviour to fit the situation, and generally demonstrate some pare of their personality in a given situation (Coaley, 2014). However, personality is a broad and rather ambiguous concept, meaning that is it difficult to define succinctly; and yet how we define it plays a crucial part in how we investigate it. Eysenck’s theory of personality concluded that there were 3 dimensions: extraverted-introverted, neuroticism-stability, psychoticism-socialisation (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1964). With the broadening field of psychometrics, the Eysencks were the first to make their approach more quantifiable and legitimate than others had been in the past. Eysenck published the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) in 1964 – a uni-dimensional self-report questionnaire consisting of 57 items.

According to Kagan and Gall (1998), intelligence is described as “a term referring to a variety of mental capabilities, including the ability to reason, plan, solve problems, think abstractly, comprehend complex ideas, learn quickly, and learn from experience.” Meanwhile, Schmidt and Hunter (2000) defined general intelligence as “the ability to grasp and reason correctly with abstractions (concepts) and solve problems”. Although there are many kinds of intelligence, practical intelligence, social intelligence, and especially emotional intelligence have received substantial attention. According to Sternberg (2000), practical intelligence is the “ability that individuals use to find the best fit between themselves and the demands of the environment”.

Response inhibition (RI) and interference control (IC) are two of the most important aspects in the scientific field that are being paid attention to due to their part in the development of behavioural and cognitive processes of an individual. RI is a main component of the Executive Functions (EFs). RI is literally one’s choice to ignore irrelevant stimuli that diminish his or her concentration from performing a specific achievement or task and focus on the relevant stimuli. When individuals can inhibit their behavioural responses to these stimuli, they will be able choose the right behaviour that allows them to complete their goals. The response inhibition theory suggests that inhibition is constrained in the prefrontal lobes (Bokura, Yamaguchi,

Epistemology, the study of the theory of knowledge, is among the most important areas of philosophy. The questions that it addresses include the following: What is knowledge? The first problem encountered in epistemology is that of defining knowledge. Much of the time, philosophers use the tripartite theory of knowledge, which analyses knowledge as justified true belief, as a working model.

Bartlett, 1932; Head, 1920; Piaget, 1926) which was inspired mainly by cognitive psychology (e.g., Rumelhart, 1975) and the early Gestalt psychology of the 1920s. It was also a great help to the studies done in the realm of artificial intelligence. Barlett (1932) considered schema as “memory structures abstracted from idiosyncratic experiences” which play a significant role in the processes of narrative comprehension and recall (Hakemulder, 2006). Schema theory thus shed light on the way of people goes through their everyday experiences by providing “explanation for facts from human cognitive adaptability to the use of definite reference in specific circumstances” (Stockwell, 2006, p.

“Never ignore a gut feeling, but never believe that it’s enough” Robert Haller. This quotation suggests that an instinctive judgment is not enough to draw conclusions. Ways of knowing need to verify our gut feelings. Before we can actually jump to conclusions, we require ways which we can use to understand the world around us, these are ways of knowing. Sometimes we need to make sure that what our innate feelings tell us; is true.

Behaviorist speculation does not clear up unpredictable direct similar to the brain or its internal workings. Or, then again perhaps, it puts that all direct is discovered inclinations, and attempts to speak to how these penchants are surrounded. In expecting that human direct is discovered, behaviorists also hold that all practices can in like manner be unlearned, and supplanted by new practices; that is, the time when a lead winds up obviously unsatisfactory, it can be supplanted by a commendable one. A key part to this theory of learning is the repaid response.