K-12 Literature Review

This chapter shows the review of the available related literatures about the K to 12 curriculum. This chapter will explore all the concepts connected with the current educational curriculum of the Philippines.

The Philippines being the only country in Asia with a 10-year basic education cycle has recently shifted to a 12-year cycle last June 2012. This curriculum shift is called the k-12 educational policy (Cristol, 2014). According to the Department of Education of the Republic of the Philippines, a 12-year program is found to be the best period for learning under basic education. It is also the recognized standard for students and professionals globally.

The implementation of the K to 12 Program took almost six years. It was carefully studied

The Philippines has embarked on this ambitious reform to align its education system with most other systems around the world and to raise national competitiveness. The k to 12 program is viewed as a vital factor for ensuring that all Filipinos are equipped with the basic skills required to play a full and productive role in society. It is also being driven by concerns that overseas workers will lose out to migrant workers from other countries because of the shorter basic education (Patrinos, 2016).

Despite calls to suspend the program, the government remained firm in proclaiming that this new educational system offers opportunities for Filipino students and the national economy. In fact, the government stated three of the many practical benefits of schooling under a 12-year education cycle. First is that, K-12 program gives students formal preparedness for tertiary learning, second is the development of readiness to join the workforce and the third and last is the increased competency of students in the global job market(“Three practical benefits of the Philippines’ k to 12 curriculum”

Students face an entirely different set of challenges with peer pressure. Parents may notice a change on how their child dresses or behaves at home. (Hamilton, n.d).These changes are merely influences of the peer group a student is included. Specifically, peer pressure may influence the way the student think or the way they make every decisions in life.

Peer pressure can be classified into two types, explicit peer pressure and implicit peer pressure. Explicit peer pressure can be recognized easily as it involves physical action. On the other hand, implicit peer pressure cannot be recognized easily as it commonly involves the action of the brain. Choosing to be influenced by peer pressure may be the defensive mechanism of students from bullying because as of the generation today, children pay great attention to what others think about them.

Most Filipinos grew up believing that they could do anything they want through dedication and hard work. Children were told by their parents that if they study hard they can be anyone they want in the future. While this is still true, the rules have changed and the stakes are