According to Marx, the ideological superstructure is a metaphor for the ideas, beliefs, and values that legitimizes social arrangements based on production. Marx believed that this ideological superstructure was controlled by the bourgeoisie. By being the ones who influenced the ideological superstructure, they bourgeoisie are also able to keep the working class ignorant to how bad their conditions are. Because of this, Marx wanted to do away with political, theological, legal, and any other ideas that came from the ideological superstructure. In Marxian theory, there are two dominate ideas that explain the class struggle that has made up human history.
The fathers of the ideology initially called for revolutionary change. Edward Bernstein highlights this tension in his preface to Evolutionary Socialism. He says, “No one has questioned the necessity for the working class to gain control of the government. The point at issue is between the theory of social cataclysm and the question whether with the given social development in Germany, and the present advanced state of its working classes in the towns in the country, a sudden catastrophe would be desirable in the interest of social democracy (Bernstein 141).” Bernstein makes the argument that a Marx and Engels overestimated the amount of time systemic change would take in their Communist Manifesto. If they did indeed overestimate, it is possible that a cataclysm or revolution is not necessary to achieve the results they
While there is inequality between classes, social change is bound to occur. Marx believed this change occurs over time in a process called dialectic. This process is solely based on conflicts between classes and is composed of three parts: a thesis, a contradictory antithesis, and a resulting synthesis. Marx 's perspective critiques capitalism; capitalism being the thesis, worker dissatisfaction the antithesis, then a revolution and the downfall of capitalism the synthesis. However, Mark believed that a revolution of the proletariat could only be possible only if the class members could overcome their false consciousness.
Karl Marx, the father of communism, encourages a revolution, which involves the proletariat becoming aware of their disadvantages and the unfairness of their social systems. He claims that the proletariats must strive not for “the improvement of existing society, but the foundation of a new one” (Kalokwaski 248). [Could I argue for this as a separate paragraph???] However, critics see that Jack Gladney remains in his false consciousness when he says, “These things happen to poor people” and mentions how “society is set up in such a way that it’s the poor and the uneducated who suffer” from “man-made” disasters. (DeLillo 114).
As explained by Marx and Engels, the nature of this subliminal domination lies in the relationship between the oppressor and the oppressed, resulting in a history marked by the class struggle. This model has manifested itself throughout history in multiple forms, through feudalism, slavery, or, more recently, the capitalist system, in which the oppressor and oppressed are the bourgeois and the proletariat, respectively. Understood to be the most revolutionary actors in history, the bourgeois built a system of complex, subliminal domination developed through the creation and perpetuation of norms and assumptions. The domination does not happen within or overtop of the established system, but rather is the system. The game of Marx and Engels’
The Communist Manifesto explains what Communism wants to accomplish. Class struggles are one of the main focuses and cause historical developments. Relationships are formed between the classes, the haves and have nots, and eventually there is a revolution because the upper class abuses the lower classes. After the revolution a new class rules and the process repeats itself in capitalism. This is why the Manifesto argues that capitalism is unstable.
We have descriptive which they think temporarily drives instantaneous aspiration. The normative way is where our self-interest is developed based on experience and status. Based on research hypothesis of egoism claims everyone has a reason for doing something. For instance, our action is to either, to be like or prosperity? Does a person decides for the benefit of ones-self or the community; there is two speculation at play to come up with the solution to these question Psychological and Ethical Egoism.
It exploited the working class, failed to produce adequate resources and created uneven economic and social distributions. This attitude, a product of an impoverished society, led Russian-communists to regard revolution as the only solution to this detrimental system. Kennan notes the use of Marxism as justification for the desire
Homelessness is a product of social inequalities. Karl Marx stated that the capitalist society produces two prominent classes which are in conflict with each other, bourgeoisie and proletariats. The bourgeoisie are the oppressors who own the means of production and the proletariats are the oppressed workers who labor for the bourgeoisie. Capitalism is distinguished not by privilege but instead by individuality of property ownership and that those who create the conditions of the oppressed group express this power in the form of laws that function to serve the bourgeoisie’s interests (Marx, 2004, p.129). Therefore, capitalism is responsible for the manifestation of certain social conditions that have led to homelessness.
This forced him into continuous conflict with the ghost of Karl Marx. One of the things that Weber and Marx argued was the effect of ideas on society. Although weber was respectful of Marx 's contributions to sociology, his own beliefs constantly put him opposition with Marx. Weber argued that Marx had presented an overly simplified explanation of existing ideas that did not adequately consider all the different variables that come with human action. Regarding the topic of McDonaldization Marx would argue that these systems dehumanize works and students which would cause a revolt to happen.