CHAPTER TWO
1. Literature review
This chapter highlights the available literature relating to entry, performance and growth strategies of Kenyan IT companies venturing into regional markets as well as the critical success factors related to each. The researcher has reviewed and discussed findings of studies that touch on entry, performance and growth strategies adopted by companies while venturing in regional markets and the most effective strategy for operations management in these markets. Growth factors affecting Kenyan IT in the regional market and strategies are most effective for growth has also been discussed.
2.1. Factors that influence expansion into the regional market
Globalization has occasioned increasing number of international strategic alliances among businesses. This is in form of exporting, foreign subsidiaries and having regional offices. Essentially,
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Hollensen (1998) stated that organizations should identify similarities among the markets they are eying to be able to take advantage of regional business. The advantages of market similarity include economies of scale, a smaller amount of working capital, lower marketing costs, cost savings in research and lower unit costs for the product or service (Frandberg and Kjellman, 2004). The market life cycle and product life cycle are similar both having a beginning all through to the decline stage. It is important that organizations identify which stage a market is in order to consider market expansion strategy (Keegan, 1995). Ruiz, and Nicolau-González et al (2007) noted that a company in a declining market would consider diversifying into other markets.
Growth rate is related to the market life cycle. Slow growth rate in the current market is slow; a firm will warrant expansion to other markets while high growth will force a firm to
In 1860 through 1900 America experienced a huge period of industrial growth. This was due to 3 reasons. The first was that there was a huge tide of immigrants coming to America, second is that there was a lot of new inventions, and third being that the Civil War stimulated mass production techniques. Immigrants provided big companies with cheap labor, and lots of it. From 1880 to 1921, 23 million immigrants came to the U.S looking for work and opportunity.
By the end of the civil war the creation of the large-scale industrialization was developed due to war profits such as weapons and foreign investments such as trading commodities with different countries. Therefore, during the years between 1865 to 1900, industrialization affected the United States society in many significant ways through business, government and labor. Many business corporations were involved with the government. In document 2, the author is political activist and impacted government workforce by illustrating an image that shows big businessmen are controlling the senate. Money equals power so since the Business companies have, almost full power over them, they can clearly manage anything they desire.
Industrialization DBQ As the Industrial Revolution spread throughout countries around the world, products were soon being quickly distributed throughout the world. What the world didn’t realize, however, was the production put into them. Many products were mass produced in the revolution, but the methods and work conditions were not safe or sanitary. In addition to this and because of the low pay of the workers, many who could get a job were still tight on money and could not live in luxury.
Although many historians believe that there was a negative impact of industrialization and technological changes on American society; however, the positive impact of the two factors overpowers the negative impact on American society economically and socially between the time period of 1900 to 1930. Economically, there were positive impacts on American society due to the industrialization and technological changes that the nation was undergoing. In Theodore Roosevelt’s “The New Nationalism” 1910, he points out that no man in American society can be a good citizen because of the wage he makes that isn't ample enough to cover the bare cost of living, and the hours of labor are too long which doesn't give him energy and time to bear his share
The Market Revolution was a big turning point for the United States in Economic developments for many reasons. The shift from agriculture to more factory life was a huge part in which women were now being sent into the labor force. As well as the idea that people now shifted from the idea of self employment to a boss telling the workers what to do. The South however was more reliant on farming due to the fact that they were slave owning states so their shift to industrialization was not as strong as the North. They did still however receive new and more efficient tools to help with farming such as the metal plow and the cotton gin.
After that it can shift its focus on another segment and so on, which therefore leads to growth and
In 1974, Delhaize took its first step of internationalization by entering the US market. He progressively acquired market shares in US and continued its internationalization process by entering Southeastern Europe in the early 1990s, and the Indonesian market in 1997. In this section we will try to understand the pressures that pushed Delhaize to internationalize. George Yip provides a framework to analyze the “globalization drivers” that are most likely to influence a company’s decisions to expend its business internationally. The four drivers of internationalization that he identified are: market drivers, cost drivers, government drivers and competitive drivers.
In the Present situation IN the present situation the strategy of expansions is very important as world economy tends to globalize and nowadays, multinational companies like Nike which can hardly locate production in one country only but
nternational marketing in export and franchising Objectives International marketing is the export, franchising, joint venture or full direct entry of a marketing organization into another country. • To bring countries closer for trading purpose and to encourage large scale free trade among the countries of the world. • To bring integration of economies of different countries and there by to facilitate the process of globalization of trade. • To establish trade relations among the nations and thereby to maintain cordial relations among nations for maintaining world peace. • To facilitates and encourage social and cultural exchange among different countries of the world.
ACHIEVING GLOBAL COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF APPLE INC. Apple Inc. is an American conglomerate company located in one immeasurable loop, Cupertino, California in the middle of the Silicon Valley. (OPPapers, 2012). Apple is motivated on their designing, developing, innovating new products like the personal computers, other related software products, and the electronic products such as MP3 players and iPods. Apple Inc.’s main products are iMac, iPod, iPhone, iPads and its latest advanced product is iWatch, which is on the edge of creating another revolution after iPhone. Apple Inc. has transformed its image from an inventive computer manufacturer to a fully-fledged consumer 's electronic company.
In the business environment, companies and other business players are related to each other through the exchange of relations, needs and competences. Companies do not contend on the personal level, they contend for the relationship level in the domestic and international environment. The relationships of companies in the local network can be used as ‘bridges’ in the international network. However the network approach also implies to move away from the unit conception of the firm towards more lasting relationships between firms constituting a strong structure where the international business takes place and
What is normally suggested is that if a firm is producing, manufacturing or reselling goods that they usually export since it is the easiest and least risky method. The risk that occurs if this type of strategy is used is that the firm depends on the company that will be exporting to and their customers in order for their product to be known. Yet other strategies include a joint-venture, licensing and franchising, foreign direct investment, and strategic alliances which even though they have more risk than just exporting they are more likely to be used than full ownership. These strategies give the firm the opportunity to still have some control, at different levels, of how the product will be managed in the foreign country. An example of this is Kia Motors direct investment in Slovakia in 2004 or Volkswagen’s joint-venture with Skoda for a period of time in 1991.
Table of Contents 1.0) Executive Summary 3 1.1) Objectives 3 1.2) Mission 3 1.3) Keys to success 3 2.0) Product and Services 4 2.1) Sourcing 5 2.2) Technology 5 3.0) Market Analysis Summary 5 3.1) Market Segmentation 6 3.2) Target Market Segment Strategy 7 3.2.1) Market Trends 7 3.2.2) Market Needs 8 3.2.4) Market growth 8 4.0)
INTRODUCTION McDonald’s is a American fast food organization that was started in 1940 by Richard and Maurice McDonald in San Bernardino, California. This corporation is one of the world’s biggest chain of Hamburger fast food eateries that is serving in excess of 58 million clients day by day. The very first McDonald’s eatery was open in Des Plaines on 15th of April, 1955.One day, Ray Kroc went there in 1954 and he was so inspired by their proficiency of their activity that he pitched his vision of making McDonald’s eateries all over the America as a franchise agent. 100 m of the hamburgers sold by McDonald by 1958.The first day deal of Mcdonald’s was $366.12. There would be more than 700 McD’s all through the United States by 1965.
3.2 Industry conditions (Porter 's Five Forces Analysis) Five forces which would impact an organization 's behavior in the market. Understanding the nature of these forces provides organizations the required insights to enable them to formulate the appropriate strategies to be successful in their market (Thurlby, 1998). 3.2.1 Threat of new entrants (high entry barriers) High capital investment for competitor entry into telecommunication industry. Companies in this industry maintain development, spend fairly large amount of capital on network equipment and incurred high fixed costs. Besides, technologies are also considered as barriers for new companies to enter the market.