Khrushchev’s “de-Stalinization” and its impact After the death of Josef Stalin, a huge void is left in the country. But even after his death, his ideologies have been fought over and over during the last days of Soviet Unions. After Nikita Khrushchev came to power, he openly attacked Stalinism and its harm to the country, which eventually leads to more debates on Stalinism and movements in “de-Stalinization” around the countries. The fighting over ideologies eventually exhausts Soviet people and the authority of its government, which leads to the distrust from the average people and fore-shadows the union’s fall. During Khrushchev’s time, he proposed a “de-Stalinization” to the country, including revealing Stalin’s action on purge and criticizing on Stalin’s personal cult and the harm it did to this country. This report is known as the “secret speech”, and is quite a shocker within the government and the society. The idea stressed by Khrushchev in …show more content…
In Dear Comrade Editor, different voices, opinions towards Stalin and his ideologies are presented. Some people, of course, response to Khrushchev’s speech: “You want to weep with despair when you hear people demand that all this be consigned to oblivion, people who try to justify Stalin’s crimes and sing his praises whenever they can.” (Riordan&Bridger 31) “Even before I never understood and I condemned those young people who had parted ways with their parents when the latter were arrested, so why am I now being called upon to betray my commander and to spit on him?” (33) Instead of supporting Stalin, this WWII veteran is confused by the shift in ideologies. He represented many average Soviet people, the confusion and hopelessness. In a way, Khrushchev is just doing the same thing of fighting over ideologies, this time anti Stalin, of course, but the real improvement on people’s life is no where to be
While we often blame the support of communists, especially high-level communists such as Rudolf Margolius, for the violence that is enacted by the Czech communist party, Kovaly explains that they are also just pawns in the Soviet system. She tells us her husband’s reaction to the arrests where he explains his strong support of communism: “I cannot give up my conviction that my ideal is essentially sound and good, just as I cannot explain why it has failed- as it apparently has…If you’re right, if it really is a fraud, then I’ve been an accomplice in a terrible crime. And if I had to believe that, I could not go on living”. This statement shows us how desperate Rudolf really was, as his communist party was showing its true colors as corrupt and unstable. In lectures, we often heard the terrors pushed by the communists, such as totalitarianism, which is the use of political terror to control every aspect of people’s lives and linked nazism and Soviet communism together.
People felt that the fate of the world was unknown as “Nobody knows what Soviet Russia and its communist international organization intends to do in the immediate future, or what are the limits” (Document A). As a reaction to this new fear of communism, programs such as the Employee Loyalty Program instituted
“He was determined to establish a sphere of influence that would safeguard Soviet periphery for all time.” (doc. 12) Stalin’s goal was to promote a great country, and he did. His footprint was left behind, as effects of his work is still shown throughout the previous countries of the
The author says that perhaps many citizens may be drawn to Communist ideology if the social injustices become more prevalent, and urges the readers to look into the problems of Communist civilizations. This article is an example of how many felt during the Red Scare and Cold War in regards to communism. It shows that people felt a collapse
Arthur Koestler is an extremely reliable witness because he was part of the communist militant. He wasfocused more on the trial of Bukharin which was held in 1938. The setting of this book is during the 1938 purge when Stalin was putting up with his dictatorship by eliminating potential rivals within the Communist Party such as military and professionals. “Revolutionary theory had frozen to a dogmatic cult, with a simplified, easily graspable catechism, and with No. 1 as the high priest celebrating the Mass”(Arthur Koestler, Darkness at Noon). In this book, an old Bolshevik was captured, imprisoned and tried for disloyalty of the party that he once tried to create.
In conclusion, the battle of destalinization was hard to fight and several times lost. Khrushchev and Andropov were crusaders of destalinization. Particularly in the moves to shift party power away from one single person and decrease the police influence to allow the people of Russia to be free and have an opinion for the first time since the beginning of Stalin’s regime. Similarly piecing together, a frail and battered economy while having elite party members watch from the top and peasants beg for a second chance at life could not have been more demanding. The country was continually impacted by new economic policies, who by Lenin coined the phrase.
Introduction Joseph Stalin is perhaps one of the most important and discussed people in Russian history. He was arguably a feared tyrant cursed and despised by many. At the same time, one finds sufficient evidence for the adoration and worship of Stalin that used to exist in the minds of the citizens of the Soviet Union. One reason for this worship was the existence of the so called ‘Cult of Personality’ where Stalin was celebrated as a wise leader, father of all people, and the architect of victory of the Second World War. In his book, The Stalin Cult: A Study in the Alchemy of Power, Jan Plamper states that Stalin’s cult of personality was largely a visual phenomenon.
Post WWl, Russia was still not industrialized, suffering economically and politically and in no doubt in need of a leader after Lenin’s death. “His successor, Joseph Stalin, a ruthless dictator, seized power and turned Russia into a totalitarian state where the government controls all aspects of private and public life.” Stalin showed these traits by using methods of enforcement, state control of individuals and state control of society. The journey of Stalin begins now.
In both “Blue Notebook #10” and “Tumbling Old Women,” Daniil Kharms exploresthe Soviet Union’s policy sending dissidents to gulags. Beginning in the 1920s, the Soviet Union suppressed freedom of speech: for any person suspected of criticizing the Soviet Union, the secret police would arrest them and send them to gulags, forced labor camps. So he wouldn’t be suspected of speaking out against the Soviet Union, Kharms used Dadaism so people wouldn’t know the direct message behind his poetry. Throughout the two poems, Kharms criticizes the absurdity of the government’s need to erase their citizens from society for speaking out against the government.
Russians’ freedom was lost under the manipulation of Stalin from the late 1920s. However, throughout the history of Russia, Joseph Stalin was held in high prestige of an appreciable reform to the nation throughout the reign of the totalitarian government; Leon Trotsky was one of the most contradictory characters of the international revolution movement. Although its government was completely changed by the forming of the New Economic Policy, Russian communism was once overthrown and seriously corrupted as a result of the political contrariety, the Bolshevik Revolution, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. After the death of the revolutionary leader Vladimir Lenin in 1924, the leadership struggle of the next logical successor broke out between two of his lieutenants: Joseph Stalin and Leon Trotsky.
Following Lenin’s death the enormous difficulties involved in trying to build socialism in a very underdeveloped country, encircled by imperialism, led to struggles in the party and then to backward steps. Soviet leader Joseph Stalin purged Bolshevik opponents while making concessions to careerists and increasing inequality. Nevertheless, at the same time
It has been twenty-five years since the Soviet Union collapsed. Some people claim that the fall of the USSR is the best thing that could ever happen and some people think that it was a fatal disaster, but they all have to accept the fact that USSR is now only a part of our past, not as distant past to be forgotten because we still face the consequences of the Soviet Union disintegration such as instability, unemployment, and neglecting of intellectuals. The first consequence of the USSR catastrophe is really paradoxical. According to the article ‘Back in the USSR ' by Gedeon Lichfield, the results of a survey that was made by the US polling company Pew Research Center show that 55% of Russian population agree with the statement that it
I was born in Russia before the revolution. I was born in Tula province and my name then was not Mikhail, or even Misha, as I am known here in America. No, my real name–the one given to me at birth–was Leonid Sednyov, and I was known as Leonka” (12). His identity is stated clearly and he goes on to state his position in the Ipatiev House, “What I wish to confess is that I was the kitchen boy in the Ipatiev house where the Tsar and Tsaritsa, Nikolai and Aleksandra, were imprisoned” (12). It is made unmistakably evident that he worked as a kitchen boy in the Ipatiev House.
However, this only scratches the surface of what Stalin put the Soviet Union through. Stalin was a very persuasive man, his writings make it seem as if he is in the right and is innocent. To support this statement, two pieces of Stalin's writings were
Akhmatova’s melancholic diction initially reveals her sorrow, but the tone transitions to serious and introspective when she uses allusions to religious martyrdom and imagery of fixed objects. These contemplations are later resolved when she integrates imagery of liberation to portray an ultimately triumphant and optimistic outlook towards the future. Within the first sections, Akhmatova employs melancholic diction to convey her grief. In “Prologue,” she writes “that [Stalin’s Great Purge] was a time when only the dead could smile” (Prologue, Line 1), which suggests it was preferable to die than to live and emphasizes her despondency.