Kidney Failure Research Paper

Kidney failure can also be caused by autoimmune disorders, such as lupus erythematosus. Of the many types of disease-causing, most causes of diabetes mellitus. According to Budiman, 45 percent of sufferers of kidney failure caused by diabetes mellitus, 28 percent by high blood pressure, glomerulonephritis by 9 percent, and 18 percent of other

A machine used to perform Haemodialysis is a called a Dialysis machine. To use a dialysis machine a tube is inserted into the bloodstream of a patient allowing blood to enter the machine. As shown in Diagram 3, once in the machine the blood flows through tubes and into the dialyzer composed of a semi-porous membrane which works similar to a glomerulus. Blood cells, proteins and other large particles are prevented from passing though while waste products such as urea and salts flow through and are absorbed by sterilised solution called dialysate and are washed away.

Renal Failure Treatment What happened when the kidneys fail to function? The normal kidney removes the wastes and harmful material in the body by making urine. When the kidneys fail, wastes and extra fluids accumulate in the blood. There are other numerous symptoms accompany with kidney failure such as nausea, trouble sleeping, poor appetite, trouble breathing, swelling of the feet or ankles, puffiness around the eyes and so on. The treatment is required with the aid of a specialist who helps to decide which treatment is efficient and when the time to start the treatment.

Kidney Cysts Cysts are fluid-filled sacs. Kidney cysts are of two types: • Polycystic kidney disease tends to run in families. Cysts take over normal tissues and cause the kidneys to enlarge and work poorly. This eventually leads to kidney failure. Cysts may also form in the liver and other parts of the body.

The tonsils, spleen thymus, and liver make up this system. The digestive system and the lymphatic system both produce liquid substances which consist of nutrients and the removal of waste. Since the circulatory system transports blood around the body there needs to be a system which removes waste material which is where the lymphatic system comes in. Absorbed unwanted materials get absorbed by muscles in which the lumph picks these materials and gets it towards the lymph nodes. At this point the material gets

Treatments for Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm Early diagnosis of a thoracic aneurysm is critical to managing the condition. The larger the thoracic aortic aneurysm, or the faster it grows, the more likely it is to rupture. The risk of rupture increases when the aneurysm is larger than about twice the normal diameter of a healthy aorta blood vessel. As I said awhile ago there is no symptoms so diagnosing with thoracic aneurysm is very difficult, and often the condition goes undiagnosed until a rupture occurs.

Immunity and defence- white blood cells are cells that help fight infection. (Teachpe,2017). Maintaining body temperature. Destroys toxins from the body such as acids.

Definition of Liver Cirrhosis Cirrhosis is a complication of many liver diseases characterized by abnormal structure and function of the liver. The diseases that lead to cirrhosis do so because they injure and kill liver cells, after which the inflammation and repair that is associated with the dying liver cells causes scar tissue to form. The liver cells that do not die multiply in an attempt to replace the cells that have died. This results in clusters of newly-formed liver cells within the scar tissue. There are many causes of cirrhosis including chemicals (such as alcohol, fat, and certain medications), viruses toxic metals (such as iron and copper that accumulate in the liver as a result of genetic diseases).

Intestinal ischemia Overview: Intestinal ischemia occurs when the blood vessels that flow bowel contract or block, thereby reducing the blood supply. Ischemia can affect the small intestine or colon, or both. The reduction in blood flow can cause pain and provide permanent injury to the bowel.

The loose blood clots can block the artery in the heart and become pulmonary embolism (PE). A pulmonary embolism is dangerous conditions that can lead to fatal because of blood supplies from the heart to the other parts of the body are failed. DISEASE CLASSIFICATION Deep vein thrombosis can be classified to three categories which is idiopathic, acute and chronic.

Bile is handled improperly and thus begins to circulate in the bloodstream, causing the skin color to change to yellow. • Cirrhosis: A progressive chronic inflammation of the liver that typically results from severe chronic hepatitis or chronic alcoholism. • Ascites: Abnormal accumulation of fluid within the peritoneal cavity; is excessive, causes visible

So what exactly is rhabdomyolysis? It is an imbalance in the muscle that happens when the muscle tissue of an affected area breaks down quickly, which can release its toxins into your blood stream. This can be caused by a hard hit to a muscle, causing muscle injury, as well as from the use of certain narcotics and even severe dehydration (Cervellin 2010). As learned in the course muscles are composed of sarcolemma which is the membrane that is composed of many Na+, K+ and Na+, CA+ channels that when a muscle is injured , stop functioning

Q1 The organs involved in the homeostatic system of salt regulation are pineal gland, pituitary glands, thyroid gland ,thymus, adrenal, pancreas, ovary and testis. All our bodies removes uneeded fluid by filtering your blood through your kidney, via osmosis, to draw excess water out of your blood. This requires a balance of sodium and potassium to pull the water across the wall from the bloodstream into a collecting channel in the kidney. A high salt diet will alter this sodium balance, causing the kidneys to have reduced function and remove less water resulting in higher blood pressure.

Many patients coming for regular check up are diagnosed as diabetes. The normal random blood sugar is 80 mg to 140 mg. The persistent hyperglycemia leads to many complications in the long run like neuropathy, nephropathy, CAD, foot ulcer and gangrene resulting finally in amputation of the limb. The high blood glucose causes the cell walls to become stiff and rigid, impairing the flow of blood throughout the small vessels located at the surface of the wound. This reduces the blood flow and permeability of red blood cells, which are required for the development of dermal tissue.

Healthy tissue also is replaced by cysts, or small holes filled with fluids.” CF affects the transport of salt and water across cells. It not only affects the lungs, but it also affects the pancreas and some other organs. Some of its symptoms are salted tasting skin, constant coughing some times with phlegm, etc. Cystic Fibrosis is caused by a damaged gene that a child obtains from both of their parents.