Page
4
of 9
Kingdoms Project
The Book of Life
Sidney Cobbs
March 2023
Table of Contents
Chapter Name of Chapter
1 Introduction to Life
2 Archaebacteria & Eubacteria Kingdoms
3 Protist Kingdom
4 Fungi Kingdom
5 Glossary
Chapter 1
The 8 characteristics of life
D- NA
O- rganized
G- row and develop
R- reproduce
A- adopt
C- ells
E- energy
R- respond
Three different domains of life could include archaea (archaebacteria), bacteria (Eubacteria) and eukarya ( protist plants, fungi and animals).
Archaea- most bacteria contain peptidoglycan however what separates archaea bacteria from the rest is its lack of the layer.
Bacteria- Many things are different about bacteria from the fact that it doesn't have a mitochondria to the difference in the DNA.
Eukarya- Unlike archaea and bacteria eukarya is the type of cell with a
nucleus.
…show more content…
Six different kingdoms of life include plant, animal, archaebacteria, protist, fungi, and eubacteria.
Chapter 2
Archaebacteria is a type of bacteria that has thin cell walls without peptidoglycan. Conversely, eubacteria have thick cell walls and contain peptidoglycan. Archaebacteria can be found in harsh conditions like at the bottom of the sea. On the other hand eubacteria can be found all over, for example, in ground, in lakes and in dry areas such as the desert. This type of bacteria is normally a chemotroph however some are actually photosynthetic and will absorb sunlight to obtain energy.
Eubacteria is a simple cell with rough walls. This type of bacteria is seen with a flagella which is a tail-like structure attached to the cell.
Eubacteria can be found in nearly every environment such as soil, oceans and deserts. While some bacteria are autotrophs and are photosynthetic on the other hand some are heterotrophs for example, parasites that live on the host and decomposers.
Eubacteria Both Archaebacteria
-Thick and
I expect to learn the biochemical differences in bacteria from this lab. Also, how to identify different species of bacteria. Material & Methods For the first day of the practical, an unknown specimen was provided
These microorganisms are used to teach us how multicellular organisms came to be and how they can survive today. These small, microscopic organisms are so unique that the identification of them is paramount in the advancements of science. Knowing the chemical makeup, the shape, and the biochemical processes is important in identifying these organisms to understand how they survive and where. A number of tests can be ran on an unknown bacteria to determine their ideal
The gram negative species are apart of the Enterobacteriaceae family. These are gram-negative rods, which are facultatively aerobic - either respiring or fermenting. Most are motile via a flagella (Carson, 2015). Salmonella enterica and Yersinia enterocolitica are both paracolons, which lack the ability to ferment lactose. Conversely, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli are both coliforms, which are able to ferment lactose.
Protista contains organisms that do not fit in any other category. Protista is Greek (masculine singular) for the very first. These organism were considered the first eukaryotic forms of life. At some intervals in its life cycle it displays protozoan characteristics and at other times they are fungi like. Protista have organisms that resemble organisms in other kingdoms.
2. The main difference is prokaryotes lack a nucleus, and eukaryotes have a nucleus. 3. These groups of organisms are eukaryotes. 4.
Prokaryotes differ from Eukaryotes because it is smaller and has no nucleus. Prokaryotes is produced by binary fission, and because of binary fission, prokaryotic cells can reproduce multiple times. It can divide into two cells and then so forth. It is divided into two groups, archaea and bacteria. Prokaryotes are capable of breaking down waste; they are decomposers.
They also noticed it was producing asexually, knowing this they knew it was a archaebacteria. Running away from the creature they ran into a new environment it was cold and chilly and had snow everywhere. On top of a hill they saw a prokaryotic, unicellular organism with a Flagella. The creature seemed to be doing photosynthesis, with those traits the boys assumed it was part of the Eubacteria Kingdom. “Can u teach us about the kingdoms I have a project on the 6 kingdoms,” asked Flap Jack
1. The difference between Eukaryotes, Prokaryotes, and Archaea is that they do not all have a nucleus. They are also different because they are broken down in different ways; prokaryotes and Eukaryotes have different Domains. Domain Archaea and Bacteria are Prokaryotes. While Eukarya are Eukaryotes and can be categorized into one of the four kingdoms.
List three characteristics that distinguish fungi from other groups of eukaryotes. Fungi are eukaryotic organisms; their cells contain membrane-bound organelles and have a distinct nucleus. Fungi can be found almost everywhere such as in soil, air, lakes, rivers, seas, plants, animals, foods, clothing, and within the human body. Fungus can seem scary but they actually beneficial for everyday life; fungi are known as the world’s natural decomposers. They act to breakdown organic material dead or alive to release carbo, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus back into the earth’s soil and atmosphere.
The rise of eukaryotes from prokaryotes is explained in the endosymbiotic theory, which expresses a concept where one bacterium engulfed a separate, independent bacterium. The bacterium that was engulfed now lives inside the other bacteria forming beneficial relationship. This form of living was then passed onto its offspring and all other generations
Free-living amoeba (FLA) in the amoebozoa group encompasses the largest group of protists, and have been known important in ecologically and medically. They can cause a serious disease to humans and animals if delayed of treatment. Amoeba was first discovered using microscope by August Johann Rösel von Rosenhof in 1757 (Joseph, 1878). The origins of the name “Amoeba” is derived from the Greek word referring to their common amoeboid motion, i.e. crawling-like movement. They also have been described into several different groups.
The first split led to modern Bacteria and the subsequent split led to modern Archaea and
The important distinction between prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Eukaryotic cells have membrane-bound organelles like the nucles in contrast prokaryotic cells don’t have membrane bound organeels. Another structural difference between the two are the mitochondria and chloroplast, the cell wall, and the DNA chromosomal structure. Eukaryotic cells have more then one chromosomes Prokaryotic cells have one but no true chromosomes. Prokaryotic cells are mostly unicellular as compared to eukaryotic cells that are multicellular.
Bacteria that causes disease are called pathogens. The disease is caused by a poison called exotoxin and endotoxin produced by the bacteria. Another microbial life are protist. They are unicellular eukaryotes. Types of protist includes protozoans and slime molds.
There are two kinds of cellular life forms on Earth. Endosymbiotic theory, is a theory of the origin of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic organisms, first thought of in 1905 and 1910 by the Russian botanist Konstantin Mereschkowski, and gone further into and substantiated with microbiological evidence by Lynn Margulis in 1967.The Endosymbiotic Hypothesis wasn’t developed overnight by a single scientist. The combined work of several researchers over a century of experimentation has led to the Hypothesis we know today. It states that the organelles distinguishing eukaryotic cells evolved through symbiosis of individual single-celled prokaryotes known as bacteria and archaea/Living things have evolved into three large clusters of closely related