Kirchoff's Law Lab Report

ABSTRACT

The objective of this experiment is to confirm Ohm’s law, Kirchoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) and Kirchoff’s Current Law (KCL). Ohm’s law shows the relationship amoung voltage, current, and resistance whereas Kirchoff’s laws deal specifically with current and voltage. A circuit was constructed using a given schematic diagram on a prototyping board (breadboard). The circuit was then observed using different methods such as; Kirchoff’s Voltage and Current Law, Ohm’s law, and a digital multi-meter.

In this lab we study how to read schematic diagrams of electronic networks, to transform schematics into real component connections, correct ways to design a breadboard connection of a network, to join the DMM to network components, and the

KCL………………………………………………...7 Discussion…………………………………….………..8 Conclusions………………………………………...…..9

INTRODUCTION:

Kirchhoff's circuit laws are two equalities that deal with the current and voltage in the electrical circuits. The purpose of the report also includes measuring the current through each resistors and the voltage at each nodes in the circuit. . The circuit under observation is built using a given DC power supply, digital multi-meter, electrical wires, breadboard, and random resistors. KVL and KCL is very important to analysis a linear circuit.

Ohm's law says that the potential difference equals the current times the resistance, or V = IR. If we graph the potential difference as a function of current for an electrical component, then the slope of the line will be the component's resistance.

KCL deals with the current flowing into and out of a single node. It states that the sum of the current flowing into the node and the current flowing out from the node must equal to zero. KVL states that the algebraic sum of all voltages in a closed loop must be equal to zero. A closed loop is a path in a circuit that does give a return path for a current. The objective of this experiment is to provide proof of these laws.

AIMS AND

The errors seemed to increase as the resistor number increased. This was maybe due to error addition in the calculations. Small error such as rounding in intermediate calculation steps describes for the increase. One more likely source of error was in the values of the resistors selected. The resistors all had values in the kilo-ohm range, such large resistance values would make it difficult to exactly measure the small currents passing through them. This would account for part of the variation. The errors were all fairly small which lead to the conclusion that Ohm’s law is undoubtedly valid.

CONCLUSION

Ohm’s law, Kirchoff’s Current Law and Kirchoff’s Voltage Law are essential and the most basic techniques for the analysis of linear circuits. Using the three laws any resistance of, current through or voltage across a resistor can be found if any two are already known. The objective of this experiment is to provide proof of these laws.

The current and voltage values were measured and placed into KCL and KVL equations to determine whether they turned out as expected. These measured values were then used in the Ohm’s law equation to find resistance. The measured and calculated values were then equated to the expected results from the theories. All of the variances between tested and expected values were small, therefore all three of the laws could be considered effective.