Klinefelter's Syndrome Research Paper

Klinefelter syndrome, also known as ‘47,XXY’ and ‘XXY’ is found in males, this is due to the fact that the host male gets another X chromosome. The image on the right you can see the extra chromosome with the pair of sex chromosomes. Usually there are only two chromosomes that determine the sex, one from opposite sexes but when it comes to Klinefelters Syndrome there is an extra X chromosome. Because this due to the additional chromosome it can described as a chromosome disorder. The frequency of getting affect by Klinefelter syndrome is 1in 500 to 1,000 newborn males.

One in 150 women and one in 450 men have the FXS premutation and risk giving it to their child (Skomorowsky). A baby inherits FXS if the chromosome they receive from the parent carries the premutation. Since everyone has two sex chromosomes, even if the one of the parents carries the premutation, their is only a 50% risk of transfer to the baby (Carvajal & Aldridge 24). Boys are more likely to be born with Fragile X Syndrome because they have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, while a girl has two X chromosomes, so the syndrome doesn’t affect them as badly. However, the premutation gene is more common in girls than boys (Skomorowsky).

Correcting nutritional deficiency that usually develops will also help. Trying to maintain the growth and development patterns of the child will also help. There is medication that can be prescribed in order to help the flow of bile from the

Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a form of muscular dystrophy that only affects boys. Cardiomyopathy is present in around twenty-five percent of patients at age 6, and increasing as age goes up to fifty-nine percent at age 10. At eighteen years of age over ninety percent of patients have Cardiomyopathy. There is no known cure available at this time; but there are treatments that include steroid administration, and assisted ventilation. The absent dystrophin in Duchenne muscular dystrophy is due to a frame shift in the gene.

It is evident that in the ten years that separated these artists, very little progress was made in rectifying sexism within the entertainment industry. Despite the fact that women were starting to gain prominence as rock and roll artists in the early 1960s, they were treated like commodities by their male overlords and marketed in a belittling fashion. Although the internet has allowed anyone to record and distribute their own compositions in recent years, I believe that gender inequality is still an issue within rock music; mainstream artists are still predominantly male, while magazines about rock music typically cater to a male audience. When Rolling Stone unveiled its list of the “100 Greatest Songwriters of all Time” earlier in 2015, only 9 members of the list were women. A similar trend can be found in almost any supposedly definitive list of best albums, songs or groups from the last fifty

Wrong convictions are not as uncommon as believed by the public. Though the “complete confidence” stigma exists around the system, there are still a wide variety of errors that occur. Racial discrimination represented in early research shows the primary reason for error in conviction for capital cases (Harmon, 2004). Between 1900 and 1985, more than 350 wrongfully convicted individuals were sentenced and of these, 23 were wrongfully executed. Forty-three percent of the 350 defendants were African American’s which is suggestive evidence to support that race can increase the likelihood of conviction (Harmon, 2004).

(Murray-Slutsky, 2004). Occupational therapy intervention focuses on a few main areas such as improving the patient’s attention, learning and flexibility; improving physical function; and improving social, play and prevocational skills. When one speaks of improving the patient’s attention, this can mean they improve the patient’s ability to recognize, adapt, control, and process their response when around sensory and environments they are uncomfortable with (Murray-Slutsky, 2004). This is also known as sensory overload and can happen in a variety of places. For example, Jane has Asperger’s and one of her side effects is sensory overload.

The first state to legalize gay marriage, Massachusetts in 2004, had the lowest divorce rate in America in 2008 which decreased 21 percent. Meanwhile, in Alaska, a state that banned gay marriage in 1998, the rate increased 17.2 percent over the same amount of time (“Gay Marriage”). Of the seven states with the highest divorce rates all of them also have prohibitions of gay marriage (“Gay Marriage”). Legalizing gay marriage has many benefits for many people. Another right gay couples should have access to is the decision to have children or

Auditory (re)habilitation programs should include goals, such as attending to sound, auditory memory, learning meaning of sounds, discriminating between speech sounds, and spontaneous expressive communication. Auditory (re)habilitation programs have been demonstrated to help children with CIs better discriminate between the Ling sounds, which represent the spectral variety of all speech sounds and are used by hearing care professionals and educators to verify that a child 's CI is functioning properly (Wei et al, 2002). By providing auditory (re)habilitation services to children with CIs, we can help them better discriminate between these common speech sounds and improve their functional hearing ability beyond what it was with the CI alone. Auditory (re)habilitation can also help children make up for some of the time lost due to delayed implantation, in cases when early implantation is not possible (Zhou et al, 2013). / / References / / -National Institute on Deafness and Other Communicative Disorders (NIDCD).

H. Hamer et al in 1993 tried to establish a connection between Genetics and Male Homosexuality. They studied 114 families of Homosexual men and via pedigree analysis, found out that there existed an increased rate of Same Sex Orientation (Kinsey 5 or 6) in maternal uncles and sons of maternal aunts but not their paternal sides. These observations suggested a possibility of X linked transmission of Homosexual Behaviour via certain gene(s) in a subset of Population. Hamer et al hypothesised that if the X chromosome contains a gene that increases the probability of an individual's being homosexual, then genetically related Homosexual men must share X chromosome markers close to that particular gene. If no such gene exists, then no statistically significant correlations between sexual orientation and X chromosome markers will be observed.

These questions have helped to spurred research into alternative forms of ADHD treatment. Behavioral therapy for children with ADHD is becoming an increasingly popular choice in both the mental health and medical fields and for this reason is the focus of this paper. Behavioral therapy allows for the education and development of coping skills in children who cannot use ADHD medication, who do not want to use it long term, and who may not have access to it as adults. Examples of the coping skills that can be learned in behavioral therapy is increased attention span, behaviors that are non-disruptive for environments such as the classroom, and ways to increase memory to multiple tasks or lists. This has led to many feeling that despite ADHD not being curable medical and mental health care providers must look at treatment plans consisting of behavioral therapy to help children who may not have access to ADHD medicine as adult learn coping skills to become better functioning

A couple of those treatment options are painkillers and, or bisphosphonates. Bisphosphonates are usually only used when pain killers or relievers are not effective. Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is a severe form of muscular dystrophy that is caused by a mutation in a gene in the X chromosome which prevents dystrophin from producing. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is more than often effective in males rather than females and tends to occur between the ages of 2-20. Duchenne muscular dystrophy occurs in approximately 1 every 3,600 males.

It “could create a gap in society” with designer babies having an advantage, which in turn, would create “‘classes’ between designer and non-designer babies” (The Ethics of Designer Babies). Some of the advantages that these designer babies could have is improved athletic performance by “increasing muscle growth, blood production, endurance, oxygen dispersal or pain perception” which leads to increased muscle mass and stamina (AHS History RSS). With our already divided social class it would become harder for equality and racism to many people “social status is an indicator of credibility and legitimacy, and this effects how seriously others take what one communicates. Status differences can create a bias against those with the perceived lower status.” (Boundless). Today “approximately 15 to 20 percent are in the poor, lower class; 30 to 40 percent are in the working class; 40 to 50 percent are in the middle class; and 1 to 3 percent are in the rich, upper class.” (Cliffs Notes).