Kojic Acid Research Paper
Properties of Kojic acid
Kojic acid has a Chemical formula of C6H6O4, with a molar mass of 142.11 g/ mol, appears as white prismatic or needle shaped structure,with a melting point of 152 to 155 °C and a density of 1.580 mg/cm3 . It is weakly acidic in nature with a pKa value of 9.40.
4.5.3.1 Chemical properties
Kojic acid is soluble in polar substances like water, ethanol, ethyl acetate etc. On the contrary, kojic acid is very less soluble in chloroform, ether etc . It has multifunctional reactive Pyrone,which is is reactive at every position on a ring. Moreover at 5th carbon position hydroxyl (OH-) acts as weak acid, which is capable to form salts with few metals such as Sodium, Zinc, Copper etc which make it more reactive (Crueger and
…show more content…
In medical field, kojic acid is used as anti-microbial agents. In chemical industries it has been successfully used to make azodyes and some other important and biodegradable compounds. In the food industries, it is used as anti-melanosis (i.e) blackening agents for agricultural products. Since India is basically an agricultural country, the use of kojic acid will be economically important in the post harvest process. Kojic acid possess the capacity to tie up with other chemicals easily and form the derivatives make its usage more visible in chemical and pharmaceutical industry. Since it is freely soluble in polar compounds such as water, ethanol, acetone, kojic acid was profitably employed for the preparation more than one hundred and fifty various kojic acid derivatives, many of them even represented new chemical compounds which open the doors for still more new variety of drugs. Kojic acid is easily biodegradable hence has got number of usages in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. It is an iron and copper chelator capable of preventing oxidation, photo damage, hyperpigmentation and skin wrinkling (Mitani et al 2001, Briganti et al 2003). Kojic acid also possess potent biological activities such as reducing mustard toxicity (Smith and Lindsay 2001), potential to be used in therapeutic drugs (Sudhir et al 2005) inducing macrophage activation (Rodrigues et al 2011) and metal chelating agent (Stenson and Cioffi 2007). Potential industrial application of kojic acid have been reported by ( Mohamad et al 2010). KA esters such as dipalmitate have been commercialised for cosmetic and skin health care applications (Al-Edresi and Baie
Unknown Compound
1525 Words | 7 PagesTo begin, the solubility of the unknown compound in water was tested. If the compound is soluble in water, it can be inferred that it is either a polar covalent or ionic compound.
Pglo Lab Report
465 Words | 2 PagesGenetic engineering is changing the DNA code to express different traits. A plasmid is a circular piece of DNA that contains important genetic information. Recombinant DNA is the product after inserting your desired genes. The genes we hoped to insert in the pGLO lab were the GFP gene and the ampicillin resistance gene. GFP was needed so that we would tell if the ampicillin resistance gene had been properly placed when the bacteria glowed under a UV light.
Unknown Crystals
532 Words | 3 PagesThe Identity of the unknown, in this case unknown A, was determined to be acetyl salicylic acid. This was determined by comparing the melting points of the purified unknown crystals to the crude unknown. The known melting point range for acetyl salicylic acid is 135°C -136°C. The Unknown’s melting point was slightly off at 128.6°C - 132°C. This can be due to impurities of the crystals during the purification process.
Acetylsalicylic Acid Synthesis Lab Report
704 Words | 3 PagesPages 96-98 in Chemistry 110 Lab Manual. Wilfrid Laurier University, ON, Canada. Abstract: The purpose of this experiment was to determine the level of purity by using the values for melting point and absorbance and chemically synthesizing aspirin by using phosphoric acid as a catalyst.
Willow Tree Research Paper
1065 Words | 5 PagesAspirin is considered a “polydrug” due to its variety of uses stretching from pain-relief to disease prevention. Salicylic acid is derived from the bark and leaves of the willow tree. Salicylic acid belongs to a group of phytochemicals which have been shown to have positive effects on human health. Salicylic acid is a phenolic compound that can be found in a variety of plants and is a crystal organic carboxylic acid. However, it is more commonly viewed as the primary metabolite and active compound of acetyl salicylic acid, which has been used as an anti-inflammatory drug by physicians for over 100 years.
Potassium Chloride Lab Report
976 Words | 4 PagesDiscussion The ideal Van't Hoff factor for potassium chloride is 2, because the compound dissociates into its ions, K+ and Cl-. The greater the Van't Hoff factor means the more a compound lowers the freezing point temperature of the solvent it dissolves in. For a liquid to freeze it must form a lattice, a three-dimensional arrangement of particles that make up a crystalline solid, and the presence of solute particles interferes with the ability of the solvent particles to form a lattice. To compensate the system must be brought to an even lower temperature to freeze, and the more particles that are present within the solvent, the larger that freezing point depression becomes.3
Sulphuric Acid Experiment
759 Words | 4 PagesThe results do not support the hypothesis that a higher surface area to volume ratio would result in sulphuric acid being diffused into the agar cubes in the shortest amount of time. This is evident in the results as the exact opposite to what was predicted occurred. Instead of the smallest cube with the largest surface area to volume ratio of 1cm3 having the quickest diffusion rate, it conversely took the longest at 0.092 cm3 per second, whilst the 2cm3 cube with 0.0384 cm3 per second took the least amount of time. This directly refutes the hypothesis. There was also no consistent trend evident in the results.
Hydrochloric Acid Lab Report
876 Words | 4 PagesCLAIRE MUNTING 29/01/2018 Criterion C EFFECTS OF SURFACE AREA OF CALCIUM CARBONATE UPON RATE OF REACTION Calcium Carbonate Chips 1 Introduction: Within the current investigation, the effects of the surface area of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) in combination with Hydrochloric acid (HCl) upon its rate of reaction. CaCO3, commonly referred to as limestone, is an organic substance and is, in a sense, the crystallised “carbonic salt” of the element, calcium2. In addition to being a salt, the pH level of Calcium Carbonate is 9.91, and it is therefore, a basic substance, due to the fact that it is comprised of a pH level higher than 7, which is neutral3. HCl, however, is the bodily acid found in the stomach of human beings.
Properties Of Substances Lab Report
1038 Words | 5 PagesProperties of Substances Express Lab 1)The purpose of this lab was to compare the physical properties of different types of solids and how the properties of solids are determined by their intermolecular forces and their intramolecular bonds. Then we were to classify each type of solid as either ionic, metallic, non-polar molecular, polar molecular, or network. Paraffin wax classified as a non-polar molecular, Silicon dioxide was classifies as a network, Sodium chloride was classified as ionic, Sucrose was classified as polar molecular and Tin was classified as metallic. (2)The intermolecular forces that are present in Paraffin wax are dispersion forces, because it is non-polar and carries a negative charge. Followed by Sucrose that has
Sodium Thiosulfate And Hydrochloric Acid Lab Report
3578 Words | 15 PagesAim: To find out the relationship between the greater concentration of sodium thiosulfate when mixed with hydrochloric acid and the time it takes for the reaction (the time it takes for the solution to turn cloudy) to take place and to show the effect on the rate of reaction when the concentration of one of the reactants change. Introduction: The theory of this experiment is that sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid reach together to produce sulfur as one of its products. Sulfur is a yellow precipitate so, the solution will turn to yellow color while the reaction is occurring and it will continue until it will slowly turn completely opaque. The reaction of the experiment happens with this formula: “Na2 S2 O3 + HCL =
Acid Base Neutralization Lab Report
1001 Words | 5 PagesAcids are proton donors in chemical reactions which increase the number of hydrogen ions in a solution while bases are proton acceptors in reactions which reduce the number of hydrogen ions in a solution. Therefore, an acidic solution has more hydrogen ions than a basic solution; and basic solution has more hydroxide ions than an acidic solution. Acid substances taste sour. They have a pH lower than 7 and turns blue litmus paper into red. Meanwhile, bases are slippery and taste bitter.
Lab Report On Acid Base Titration
1346 Words | 6 PagesPractical I: Acid-base equilibrium & pH of solutions Aims/Objectives: 1. To determine the pH range where the indicator changes colour. 2. To identify the suitable indicators for different titrations. 3.
Aspirin Lab Report
1524 Words | 7 PagesThe hydrolysis formed salicylic concentration which was mixed with iron(III) solution to form a purple complex. This was then use to study under the UV/Visible absorption spectroscopy which gave absorbance values recorded at 525nm to determine the concentration of salicylic acid using the Beer Lambert’s Law and later corrected to find the actual concentrations. The concentrations of aspirin at various intervals was found from salicylic concentrations. Upon plotting a graph of ln(aspirin) vs time, it produced a linear equation from which the gradient gave the rate constant of 0.0083min-1 and the overall shape of the graph concluding this reaction to be pseudo first order with respect to the concentration of aspirin with the deviations and improvements as
Loreal Pestel Analysis
1016 Words | 5 PagesKiehl 's: It has positioned itself as a skin care place based in natural ingredients. With growing demand from natural products all over the world, this pharmacy can strengthen itself by laying stress on its ‘heritage’ and use of ‘natural ingredients.’ Having penetrated well enough, it would probably focus on product development and develop more products that deliver values such as heritage and natural cure. b. Lancôme:
Hydrochloric Acid And Sodium Thiosulphate Lab Report
1539 Words | 7 PagesIntroduction The goal of the experiment is to examine how the rate of reaction between Hydrochloric acid and Sodium thiosulphate is affected by altering the concentrations. The concentration of Sodium thiosulfate will be altered by adding deionised water and decreasing the amount of Sodium thiosulphate. Once the Sodium thiosulphate has been tested several times. The effect of concentration on the rate of reaction can be examined in this experiment.
More about Kojic Acid Research Paper
Unknown Compound
1525 Words | 7 PagesPglo Lab Report
465 Words | 2 PagesUnknown Crystals
532 Words | 3 PagesAcetylsalicylic Acid Synthesis Lab Report
704 Words | 3 PagesWillow Tree Research Paper
1065 Words | 5 PagesPotassium Chloride Lab Report
976 Words | 4 PagesSulphuric Acid Experiment
759 Words | 4 PagesHydrochloric Acid Lab Report
876 Words | 4 PagesProperties Of Substances Lab Report
1038 Words | 5 PagesSodium Thiosulfate And Hydrochloric Acid Lab Report
3578 Words | 15 PagesAcid Base Neutralization Lab Report
1001 Words | 5 PagesLab Report On Acid Base Titration
1346 Words | 6 PagesAspirin Lab Report
1524 Words | 7 PagesLoreal Pestel Analysis
1016 Words | 5 PagesHydrochloric Acid And Sodium Thiosulphate Lab Report
1539 Words | 7 Pages