The Kyoto Protocol: Clean Development Mechanism
2.2. Projects
Kyoto Protocol The Kyoto protocol was created in Kyoto, Japan in 1997 and enforced in 2005. During the first commitment 37 countries and the European Community vowed to reduce green house gas emissions to an average of five percent as compared to levels found in 1990. The Kyoto protocol is a basically an agreement linked to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change where the parties have to commit to the set emission reduction targets. Developed countries are mostly responsible for the high green house gas emissions and therefore according to the Protocol these countries have much heavier burdens placed upon them.
The Protocol gives countries standards in order to meet targets. However, the protocol also allows
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The protocol has contributed significantly to the reduction of the total global production of the above mentioned compounds. It has also generated climate benefits due to the fact that some the compounds are also green house gases [10]. According to the World Bank [10], the agenda of the protocol has been focused on the phasing out of hydro chlorofluorocarbons which is also an ozone depleting compound.
Clean Development Mechanism
The Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) is a mechanism under the Kyoto Protocol which has projects aimed at the reduction of greenhouse gases. It involves countries that are not included in Annexure 1 of the Kyoto Protocol thus enabling those countries to host emission reduction projects on their territory [11] and have those projects financed. The main aim of the CDM is to encourage efforts at climate change mitigation. Mitigation is achieved in two ways: By implementing activities, technologies and techniques aimed at reduced greenhouse gas emissions in southern countries Through an option of having parties involved to make additional reductions at less of a
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