Lab Report Stoichiometry

• Carefully decant the solvent solution from the drying agent through the funnel into the flask. Rinse the Erlenmeyer flask with about 10 ml of solvent and pour the solvent through the funnel, too. Remove the funnel, add two or three boiling chips and reattach the thermometer and adapter to the still pot. • Discard the magnesium sulfate remaining in the Erlenmeyer flask by dissolving it in tap water and pouring the solution down the drain. • Before beginning the distillation, weigh a clean, dry 1 narrow mouth screw cap bottle on a balance.

Methanol was filled in a test tube and placed into a water bath to heat up. 12 Drops of the Methanol were then added to each flask until the crude caffeine had completely dissolved. 13. The solution was then filtered and the residue collected in a filter paper. It was left to dry and

Formula 2: % Component= 100% component mass (g) sample mass (g) Procedure First, we measured out the evaporating dish to find the mass. Then we added around 3 grams of our sample (2.832g exactly). Next we added the isopropyl alcohol to dissolve the Benzoic Acid. We filled the evaporating dish, stirred, and then decanted the sample into a 140mL beaker with a stirring rod. This

Then, the pipet was rinsed with distilled water. The bulbs were then attached to the pipette; filling and dispensing water were practiced using both bulbs. Furthermore, the 250-mL beaker was weighed, and its mass was recorded. After that, the Erlenmeyer flask was filled with 100 mL of distilled water. The temperature was recorded.

2.4.1. Tetramethyl glucose acetylation 1gm of tetramethyl glucose was dissolved in 5ml of acetic anhydride and added to fused sodium acetate of 0.375gm and mixed for 10 minutes and allowed to cool. To this mixture 7.5ml of toluene and 5ml of dry ether were added. The whole mixture evaporated to syrup on a water bath at 50 °C. The product dissolved in the dry ether after washing with toluene.

Purpose and Techniques: This experiment has the aim to determine a chemical formula of hydrated compound, which ingrains cupper, chloride and water molecules in its structure. In order to find this hydrated compound, it is necessary to use the law of multiple proportions. In other word, finding the appropriate variables values to this compound (CxCly*zH2O). Additionally, two major steps are required to proceed the experiment. The first consists to heat a sample to liberate the water hydration, and then compare two mass weights before and after heating so gets easier to find the water percentage (mass).

• Iodine Solution Weigh 7.7g of potassium iodide into a 50cm3 beaker. Use distilled water to help the iodide dissolve. Swirl for a few minutes until the iodide has completely dissolved. Using a funnel to help, pour the potassium iodide into a 500cm3 volumetric flask, make sure all traces of the solution is in the volumetric flask. Using distilled water would be a good method in order to rinse the beaker.

Two chemical reactions are carried by adding sodium hydroxide to the acidic solution from Part I. During the first reaction is the neutralization of the excess of nitric acid in the mixture by sodium hydroxide. The second reaction takes the place after naturalization is a complete and NaOH is in excess. While the liquid inside the beaker is being stirred, with the stirring rod, 10 ml of 6 M NaOH is poured into the solution from Part I at 1 mL at a time. After each 1 mL the solution is tested for acidity with red litmus paper.

The next step is to rinse the calcium oxalate and sprinkle some deionized water and pour it into a beaker. Then add hydrochloric acid to create calcium chloride (CaCl2), according to the formula: CaC2O4 + 2HCl -> CaCl2 + 2CO2 + H2. Add sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), to the calcium chloride you already have. This will make calcium carbonate ( CaCO3), according to the formula: Na2CO3 + CaCl2 -> CaCO3 + 2NaCl. Afterward, filter this solution to obtain the calcium carbonate.

On the other hand, white solid paracetamol, 100ml beaker, and 15ml of hot water, 20ml warm water, and water bath were used for the recrystallization purification technique. Evaporating dish, cold water, stirring rod, watch glass, small beaker, oven, cotton wool, and tissue were also employed in the recrystallization purification method. Method Recrystallization purification technique A portion of crude paracetamol sample was transferred into a 100ml beaker. To it, 10ml of hot water was added to dissolve it. Cotton wool was placed into the funnel; this was followed by pouring hot water onto the cotton wool before filtering the dissolved paracetamol crude solution to remove any insoluble materials.