CHAPTER ONE
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the Study Land degradation is a slow deleterious environmental process which it sometime takes place (for example from the onset of the rains to several years) before exhibiting its observable bad symptoms in the field and hence undetected until it becomes quietly advanced. In the course of its development, it leaves a track of damages which may be very difficult to eradicate and may incur much money to mitigate. Some examples of the destruction include eutrophication (the water ecosystem’s response to the addition of artificial or natural nutrients, mainly Phosphate, through agricultural fertilizers, sewage and etc.) through nutrient leaching, inhibition of plant growth from
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Land degradation has been incorrectly conceptualized in many parts of Somalia and it is therefore important to have a clear understanding of its concept before deeply go to the study. Understanding its concept is not meant to give a new definition, but is only to make a clear explanation of its concepts. The most important thing is to know that ‘land degradation’ is not an event but it is a process or change. It is a slow negative environmental process which involves one or a combination of processes. These processes include soil erosion by water or wind, sedimentation, long term reduction of the amount and/or diversity of the natural vegetation, decline of soil nutrients, increase of aridity, and salinization, acidification or sodification and etc. Another important aspect is that land degradation affects human beings and it is accelerated by the activities of humans themselves. It affects men through its impacts from reduction of food production potential, environmental deterioration for human habitation, destruction of road network through gully erosion, among others. It is accelerated by the activities of men through the overexploitation of land resources and mismanagement of
Freshwater is also looked at as floodplain management is observed. The patterns of environmental quality are also examined. My hypothesis is that pH levels and drainage account for the significant differences in vegetation between the areas. This is because both drainage and pH levels play a role in what type of soil is available. The pH level determines the types of plants that grow and the drainage effects the type of soil present, which influences the
The concept of environmental justice was first introduced in South Africa at the Earthlife 1992 conference (Cock 2004, p.6). Defined as the ‘fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation, and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies’ (U.S Environment Protection Agency, 2012), environmental justice aims to shift the world towards environmentally friendly development and eradicate exploitation of natural resources and indigenous communities. Most importantly, it deals mainly with the environmental injustices of these relationships, and the ways and means of rectifying these wrongs and/or avoiding them in the future
4. Habitat alteration: Removal and reduction of natural habitat by flooding, soil erosion and water
Desertification, Deforestation, soil depletion, and water contamination are among some of the consequences of agriculture. An agricultural boom often means that an over farming and an overproduction stage occurs. This result can be worse than the pre-food famine, because now no food is being produced. Water contamination from pesticides and
These include floods and droughts. However, the most concrete impact recently has been by drought. The government and the people have not been able to provide enough food supply for themselves. Due to the growth
These environmental impacts not only had ecological consequences but also disrupted the functioning of ecosystems, potentially leading to long-term ecological imbalances. The destruction of terrain during WWII not only affected human lives but also had severe consequences for the natural environment. The destruction of terrain during WWII highlights the need to consider the environmental costs of warfare and conflict. Strategies that involve deliberate flooding, destruction of vegetation, and alterations in terrain can have
Landslides may cause the loss of lives and properties. Deforestation causes the soil to lose its stability. Decreasing of trees causes there is lack of tree leaves to protect the soil from the collision of raindrops and also causes the lack of tree roots to hold the soil. Thus, the soil is exposed directly to the raindrop. The top layer of soil is easily washed away by the heavy rainfall.
1) Explain how and why human interaction has caused the environmental change to the chose environment in both countries? Coral reefs are an environment to a vast range of different species. 25% of all global reefs have been destroyed by humans. 60% percent of coral reefs are under threat by humans. The Great Barrier Reef is one of the largest reefs located in Queensland Australia, it is hugely impacted by humans.
Introduction: “Sustainable agriculture is the efficient production of safe high quality agricultural products, in a way that protects and improves the natural environment the social and economic conditions of farmers their employees and local communities and safe guard the health and welfare of all farmed species“ There are three main principles of sustainable agriculture, the three principles are: 1. Economic sustainability 2. Environmental sustainability 3. Social sustainability With the human population continuing to rise, it is vital that the agricultural industry becomes more sustainable to meet the needs of the growing population. One of the impacts of this growing population is an increase in land usage for settlement purposes.
The causes and dynamics of rangeland degradation have been immensely studied and is still a subject of controversy. Rangeland degradation could be because of numeral factors, such as an unnecessary increase in animal population leading to overgrazing of the natural vegetation, soil erosion, human interference and climatic variables. Although for communal farmers this problem is mainly caused by overgrazing, where there is usually an overstocking in lesser carrying capacity. An intense veld utilisation evidently results in the loss of rangeland vegetation and cause of degradation (James et al., 1999), so apart from grazing by animals there is also human interference. As much as livestock production relies on rangelands as their source of forage,
And one of the old solutions for this concern is to increase number of cultivation lands and exploit new fish stocks. But the competition for land from other human activities makes this an increasingly unlikely and costly solution .for example food producers are experiencing grater rivalry for land, water energy and the need to curb the many negative effects of food production on the environment becoming increasingly clear (Tilman et al. ,2001;
As the result of my experience this semester I can conclude that this experience was a life changing experience. The way I viewed things in the past about the environment has changed. In the past I was not aware of the importance of living a more sustainable life. Also, how protecting our environment is one of the today’s most serious issues. Some of issues and information that I learned throughout this semester was the web life, food web, overpopulation, mutualism & commensalism, climate change, pollution, rainforest & sea destruction, and the extinction of many animals and plants.
Global Environment Problems Global environment can be defined as the environment about our nature and the surroundings that influence worldwide scale an environment could be a desert or polar land. Environment problems: Our environment constantly changing. There is no denying that, However, as our environment changes, so does the need to become increasingly aware of the problems that surround it. With a massive influx of natural disasters, warming and cooling periods, different types of weather patterns and much more, people need to be aware of what types of environmental problems our planet is facing.
It can result from an increase in births, a decline in mortality rates, an increase in immigration, or an unsustainable biome and depletion of resources.. Can speeds up the process of natural land subsidence. This process includes the increase in population size, Increase in water needs, High water necessities, Increase in groundwater Pumping to fulfill the water need, Over-pumping of ground water, Speeds up the process of natural land
Nowadays, environmental degradation has become an important issue. This is because environmental degradation is one of the largest threats that is being looked at in the world today. This is because of the depletion of important resources such as air, water, and soil; the destruction of ecosystems; habitat destruction; the extinction of wildlife; and pollution. To limit the impact of these situations, it is important to know the possible side-effects of environmental degradation. Therefore, there are several causes and negative effects of environmental degradation provided in this essay with some recommendations to prevent it.