IMPACT OF LAND OWNERSHIP, ACCESS AND CONTROL ON WOMEN IN NORTHERN UGANDA
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW LITERATURE REVIEW
Introduction
This chapter will review literature on impact of land ownership on women in northern Uganda which will aid the analysis of challenges women face in regard to land ownership. The study will seek to identify possible gaps in previous literature in relation to land ownership. The literature will be reviewed from documentary sources in archives, through articles published and previous studies carried out in relation to land ownership challenges. The aim of this review is to establish whether the facts in previous literature will be proved to be true in the case of Northern Uganda.
About the
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A lot of promises made and policies designed show that steps have been taken but the results are still to be shown. That means the plotical will does not translate on grpound as it manifefsts on paper. The study will seek to establish how the various commitments of governments both externally and internally have changed the scape for women.
International Women’s Land & Property Rights
The UN Women affirms that, in many countries around the world, women’s property rights are limited by social norms, customs and legislation hampering their economic status and opportunities to overcome poverty. Even in countries where women constitute the majority of small farmers and do more than 75% of the agricultural work, they are routinely denied the right to own the land they cultivate and depend on to raise their families.
Ownership of land and property empowers women and provides income and security. Without resources such as land, women have limited say in household decision-making, and no recourse to the assets during crises. This often relates to other vulnerabilities such as domestic violence and HIV and
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Firstly; the Beijing platform for action affirmed that women’s right to inheritance and ownership of land and property should be recognized. Secondly, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) has underscored it, referring to rural women’s rights to equal treatment in land and agrarian reform processes and thirdly the Women’s property rights are an implicit part of achieving the Millennium Development Goals, specifically Goal 1 on eradicating extreme poverty and Goal 3 on gender
In document 6, William Hinton, a American member of Chinese Communist land reform task force, said that Chinese peasants demanded to repay their properties, such as money and land to landowners. The communist party gave social equality to women in the Marriage Law of the People’s Republic of China in document 7. The communist party intensely changed patriarchal society into equal right society, so the sense of social equality is shown by this the new policy. However, the law aimed to give gender equality to women, but it is a question that real situation in China treated women equally because it is difficult to state that social awareness of Chinese peasants allow women as equal human beings due to Confucian influences. According to document 8, the communist party did promoted policies that pursue social equality between landowners and peasants by Agrarian Reform Law of the People’s Republic of China in 1950.
In the mid-1800s, many Americans had concerns about the issues occurring and the impact they made on the United States. To put an end to these numerous issues, many Americans decided to form groups, organizations, and also individuals. They would come up with a variety of strategies to make a change. One of the many issues was women rights. In the mid-1800s, women had a hard time being a woman back then.
One cultural aspect presented in The House on Mango Street is gender roles. Throughout the book, I noticed differences between the roles of men and women in society. There are several similarities and differences between gender roles in the Hispanic culture and my own culture, the Indian culture. By researching and reflecting on the two different cultures, I gained more knowledge on the characters and plotline of The House on Mango Street. While researching, I learned about several similarities and differences between gender roles in the Hispanic culture and the Indian culture.
The 1920’s was a time of progress due to many different reasons that shaped our country to what it is today. Women’s rights have progressed in many ways that have improved the lives of women in that time period and is the reason women have the rights and privileges they have in Canada today. Women have gained the right to vote, even though not all women have gained this right, it was still a step in the right direction of progression. Women gaining this right was definitely progression in our country because of the amount of women fighting for this privilege and it made our country what it is today and is the main reason women 's rights and equality has come so far in our country. Our technology also progressed and improved a lot at that time
The 20th century saw a major increase in women’s rights, getting a step nearer to gender equality. It is defined as the act of treating men and women equally, having the same access to right and opportunities no matter the gender. Although it is not a reality in our world, we do have advanced in comparison to the last century. At the begging of the 20th century women still were considered the weak gender. Their education consisted on learning practical skills such as sewing, cooking, and using the new domestic inventions of the era; unfortunately, this “formal training offered women little advantage in the struggle for stable work at a liveable wage” (1).
Nowadays our world is changing hourly – its political, social and economic global picture depends on the decisions (more or less important, but still important), which are taken every minute. Sometimes it seems that all significant events have taken place, moreover it was a long time ago. At the same time we forget that there are areas of life, our daily lives, which have been completely different recently. In modern Western societies the right to receive education and to vote for women is natural part of life, contrast to the Third world counties, where women still do not have opportunity to take part in decision-making and influence various spheres of life in their countries. Skeptics may wonder: “What is so special about the fact that women are allowed to vote?”
Women’s place and role in the society is something that has been discussed and changed over time. Should their rights be the same as men’s? Should they be superior? Inferior? The world faces a dilemma on weather they should be or not equal as men.
The life of Women in the late 1800s. Life for women in the 1800s began to change as they pushed for more rights and equality. Still, men were seen as better than women, this way of thinking pushed women to break out from the limitations imposed on their sex. In the early 1800s women had virtually no rights and ultimately were not seen as people but they rather seen as items of possession, it wasn’t until the late 1800s that women started to gain more rights. The Civil War actually opened opportunities for women to gain more rights, because with many of the men gone to war women were left with the responsibilities that men usually fulfilled during that time period.
The Homestead Act is a special Act that promoted migration to the western part of US. Public lands were made easily accessible to settlers with a small filing fee in exchange for 160 acres of land to be used for farming. Homesteaders received ownership of the land after continuously residing on the land for five years. Homesteaders also had an alternative of acquiring the land from the government by paying a specified amount per acre, after six months of residency. The Homestead Act resulted in the distribution of million acres of public land (Library of Congress n.p).
Both the “Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens” and “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman” discuss the roles and natural rights that should be upheld in society. However, the “Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens” only covers those roles and rights pertaining to men and other citizens, which at this time in history did not include women. On the other hand, “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman” covers the roles and rights of both men and women and discusses ways that society could improve to create equal rights for everyone. The differences in these two texts are evident in the language and length of each text. The “Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens” is only three pages long compared to the fourteen page, “A
Equality among people justifies the development of human civilization. The history witnesses how people mistreated the others and how other people fought for freedom. It proves a permanent truth that the more civilized the people are, the less inequality would be promoted. However, there was no one period in the past, even now, without inequality completely. The slavery issue in the West and the gender inequality in the East both brought unimaginable damage for not only the groups of people who were mistreated, but also the society which is supposed to be peaceful, fair and justice.
We all know that women didn 't have as many rights as men, and they still don 't. Women can now do more than they used to, but they still aren 't equal with men. They have had to fight for so many things like the right to vote and to be equal to men. The 19th amendment, the one that gave women the right to vote, brought us a big step closer. The Equal Rights Movement also gave us the chance to have as many rights as men. Women have always stayed home, cleaned the house, and didn 't even get an education.
Empowered men and women are in a better position for contributing towards productivity of the entire family, they also support in improving prospects specifically for the future generation. On the other hand, gender equality is fundamentally related to sus¬tainable development and globally accepted as a necessity for the promotion of human rights Furthermore, gender equality is achieved when women and men enjoy the same rights and opportunities across all sectors of
It is important to link gender equality and sustainable development for a number of reasons. How can we achieve a sustainable future, and reach our development goals if half of the world’s population has their rights, capabilities and dignity ignored? Women’s knowledge should be used to help achieve these goals, they should be viewed as central actors, not victims. Furthermore, to be effective, policy actions for sustainability must redress the disproportionate impact on women and girls of economic, social and environmental shocks and stresses. The lives of girls and women have changed dramatically over the past quarter century.
Gender Equality is the only way forward. What is gender equality? Gender equality is achieved when all genders enjoy the same rights and opportunities across all sectors of society, including economic participation and decision-making, and when the different behaviors, aspirations and needs of women and men are equally valued and favored.