Language Acquisition Literature Review

The Acquisition-Learning distinction is crucial because it gives an argument opposing the effortful labor of learning a new language in adults. Krashen (1988) explained that there are two independent ways in which a second language performance can be regarded. The first is the acquired system and is the product of a mind process, a subconscious one that is very similar to the one that happens with children when acquiring their native/mother tongue. This process requires continuous interaction with the target language. On the other hand, Krashen (1988) also explained that the learned system is the result of a very formal way of learning a language that involves the conscious process of being knowledgeable about a language.

The overall aim of teaching English Second Language is to develop learners’ communicative skills for meaningful interaction in the multicultural society. Therefore, English need conscious attention specifically on pronunciation of words, not just a concern to English teachers but all subject teachers. Thus, responsibility is required to assist learners, so that they could be able to read words correctly or effectively in all subjects.

The importance of critical thinking couldn’t be more highly prioritized in academia, even when its application faces much constraint in English language development. What could be so important about a non-linguistic skill in classrooms that are generally devoted to improving linguistic abilities? Critical thinking might play an extra-linguistic role in the context of English language learning, and writing could be one of several modalities used to realize this role in secondary classrooms. It is stated that in the 1970’s, many sociologists and cognitive scientists were interested in the acts of composing as a way to observe how students learn (Sokolik, 2003). Subsequent teaching developments in writing that emphasized problem solving build upon the foundation of these findings.

Through the readings done in class, there have been realizations about emergent bilingual students that have not only shocked me but have made me feel more prepared to properly educate these students. These realizations include the importance of understanding your students’ individual cultures rather than bunching all English Language Learners into the same category; as well as understanding that there are different levels of English Language Learners and creating individual guidance for those students. A third takeaway from the readings thus far involves the educational policies which schools mandate for their ELL’s. These are some ideas that would not have even crossed my mind without these readings, but it has now become clear how vital

Odlin reconsiders a question fundamental to many language teachers and educational researchers: How much influence can a learner's native language have in making the acquisition of a new language easy or difficult? Odlin analyses and interprets research showing many ways in which similarities and differences between languages can influence the acquisition of grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation. While these subjects are beyond the scope of my research, the section on phonetics, phonology and writing systems provides the necessary evidence to understand the effect of the transference of writing patterns from Japanese Romaji to English. This is a suspected cause of many problems. While the age of the book suggests that some of the research could be obsolete, it serves as a reference and a foundational background on the subject of transference in writing patters, even between Asian and English scripts.

They are analytic skills and synthetic skills. Analytic skills involves the ability to break words into its phonemes while synthetic skills involves the ability to blend different phonemes to make words. A study done to identify the influence of alphabetic knowledge and oral vocabulary on phonemic awareness has found that oral vocabulary is an important predictor of analytical phoneme skills (Ouellette & Haley, 2013). This is an interesting finding as most would have assumed that alphabetic knowledge is a key aspect in teaching a child to read. However, according to the results of this research oral vocabulary plays a more significant role than alphabetic knowledge when learning to read.

A man may utilize his/her non-verbal communication viably in regular life purposefully or unexpectedly and for the most part unknowingly. Past that, a man can not control his/her body as he/she controls the words. Our body gives a great deal more

Introduction According to Merriam-Webster Dictionary (2016), one of the definitions of Language is that it is “The system of words or signs that people use to express thoughts and feelings to each other”. Therefore, language is used to express the thoughts and feelings, and vocabulary is necessary to express it. But learning the definitions of words is fundamental.

They also motivate the students' performance in the language; so in this case, teaching is geared largely to tests. Hughes (1996) mentioned that if a test is regarded important, preparation for it should dominate all teaching and learning activities. Otherwise, the test content and testing techniques will be at variance with objectives of the course, which will result harmful washback. Davies (1990) also mentioned that tests have great influence on teaching, which is known as washback or backwash effect, and this strong influence is usually negative. For example, for university study in one of the English speaking countries, the students should have a good command of language skills (reading, writing, listening, and speaking) in order to be able to understand the lectures in the classroom, take notes, attend classroom discussion, and read and comprehend the texts.

It enhances listening and speaking also it increases new vocabulary for student. The aim of this essay is to give real imagine about how the Aural-Oral approach can be taught in or during English learning and give good improvement in both listening and speaking in order to reach student’s communicative competence. The first focus of Aural-Oral Approach is to teach English for student