Language And Gender Literature Review
Chapter two : literature review
2. Literature review
2.1. Introduction to language and gender
The relationship between language and gender has not been of great interest within sociolinguistics until the early 20th century when studies in linguistics has established and for the first time looked at differences between women’s and men’s speech across many languages. A countless and multitude number of studies on language and gender have been interested in identifying and trying to account for the differences in speech styles of men and women. One major difference is that women are more polite than men and use polite language very often. The term gender was first originated in linguistics when Aristotle, the famous Greek philosopher, first separated between gender categories and classified them into masculine, feminine and neuter in order to classify nouns, this was the first theory of gender introduced into grammar namely gender as a grammatical category. Later in time, language was a particular feature and target of a fairly important movement of the 60’s and 70’s called women’s feminist movements. Since 1970, the study of language and gender has greatly developed due to the massive contribution of noticeable feminist scholars namely: Deborah Cameron, Penelope Eckert, Janet Holmes, Deborah Tannen, and others. Among the pioneers during this feminist movement was Robin Lakoff. In a paper written by Lakoff (1975) called language and women’s place, she
Rhetorical Analysis Of Who Does The Talking Here By Deborah Tannen
710 Words | 3 PagesOf all the 70 scientific studies Tannen could have chosen to talk about, the number of which she releases later in her paper, her choice of these two serves to demonstrate how biased and varied in results the scientific studies on this topic have been in the past. This helps Tannen justify the need for her article on the subject as it gives reason to why the issue on which gender speaks more still has not yet been resolved. Later in her essay, Tannen uses the results of a survey done by Campbell Leaper and Melanie Ayres on the results of 70 studies published in scientific journals several times. Her first use of their results follows her statements on the studies talked about earlier in this paper, noting that they “found that counting words yielded no consistent differences”. She then goes on to say, “Campbell and Ayres note that many studies find women doing more ‘affiliative
Feminist Research In The History Of Rhetoric By Patricia Bizzell
606 Words | 3 PagesIn her text, “Opportunities for Feminist Research in the History of Rhetoric,” Patricia Bizzell references historical figures along with personal experiences to discuss the lack of feminist research in the history of rhetoric and outlines three approaches that will help diminish the issue. Bizzell’s purpose throughout the piece is not only to make the audience aware of the issue, but to ensure that the audience understands the issue’s importance and the possible approaches that may be worth exploring. Through her work, she argues that there is needed research on women and rhetoric due to the fact that its history is overpowered by the “traditional white-male elite.” (50). Bizzell claims that three approaches worth exploring are to be “resisting readers” by noticing aspects of the canonical texts that were originally supposed to go unnoticed by readers, recovering female authored texts which employ traditional rhetorical strategies, and locating work by women that has not previously
Rhetorical Analysis Of America's Vocal Fry
349 Words | 2 PagesThe author’s point of view is to prove that young women are using linguistic features to build a relationship. In the text, the author uses an informative tone. He describes the text in a related language that grabs the attention of teens, specifically young women. The text made the young women groups feel more differently than the male gender
English 1101: How Gender Differences In My Classroom
578 Words | 3 PagesMost classrooms are analogous in their basic structure. They typically consist of the essential accessories such as chairs, tables, and desks. However moving past the basic structures they become more unique. Their distinguished qualities, often correspond with varying influential factors. These factors include, instructor and subject matter, school setting, and student population.
Gender Socialization Part II: Annotated Bibliography
788 Words | 4 PagesGender Socialization Part II: Annotated Bibliography on Parenting and Gender Roles, H0mosexuality, Feminist among African American Male. Loiacano, D. K. (1989). Gay identity issues among Black Americans: Racism, homophobia, and the need for validation. Journal of Counseling & Development, 68(1), 21-25. Loiacano, (1989) is a small glimpse into the homophobia identity issues that plagues the African American community.
Sex Lies And Conversation Analysis
807 Words | 4 PagesSex, Lies and Conversation There are many differences between a man and woman, communication is just one difference. Deborah Tannen, a University of California graduate, got her PhD in linguistics at Georgetown University; there she studied the communication between men and women. Tannen has published over one hundred articles and wrote over twenty books, including You Just Don’t Understand: Women and Men in Conversation (1990), which spent almost four years on the New York Times best seller list and was translated into twenty-nine languages. The article Sex, Lies and Conversation appeared in the Washington Post in 1990 and gives insight to how opposite sexes communicate with each other. From an early age we are programed to play and be friends with the same gender as our own.
Gender Roles In Spanish Culture
3357 Words | 14 PagesEvery saga has a beginning and on October 12, 1492, a handful of Europeans began their quest for the invasion, control and conquest of what came to be called Spanish America. When invasion ended conquest continued as assimilation saw a merging of cultures between Spaniards and many indigenous people over three centuries. The indigenous people of Latin America had a unique culture, one that suited their way of life. Once the Spanish infiltrated their homeland, it was to change forever. Spanish ideology was vastly different from that of the simple-minded ideology of the Indian.
Gender Differences In Japanese Language
1930 Words | 8 PagesThe use of gender language in japan has placed men and women in a certain way by controlling, dominating, or patronizing each other by the use of the language. According to Murasaki Shikibu, during time periods men thought of women differently. For instance, during the Heian period “Women should maintain feminine speech and not interfere with men’s affairs.” Then during the Genroku period “Women using male speech are disgusting and should learn to speak tenderly”. During the Edo Period (Mid-Edo period) “women-servants of samurai families used court-ladies” language (Latter half of Edo period) “Court ladies language became standard female language” lastly, Meiji period, Westernization and modernization.
Essay On Gender Miscommunication
1631 Words | 7 PagesAnalysis Paper #1 Even from a very young age, I had always realized that males and females thought and communicated differently. Within my own family, gender miscommunication plagues my parent's marriage and my relationship with my three sisters. Even so, the dissimilarities between how my girlfriend and I communicate helped me further grasp the importance of understanding gender miscommunication. Through her research, Deborah Tannen has found that males and females see the world through different lenses.
Deborah Tannen How Male And Female Students Use Language Differently
383 Words | 2 PagesMorghan Renfrow Instructor C. Shackelford English 1113, Section 101 1 September 2016 Analysts of “How Male and Female Students Use Language Differently” An essay written by Deborah Tannen called “How male and females students use language differently”, is describing how they talk and interact with others. The writer presents different studies on how language changes based on a certain person. The essay states that men are more aggressive and talkative, while women are calm and modest about talking about the views they share.
Definition Essay: The Value Of Feminine Words
433 Words | 2 PagesAll my "feminine" words are untouchable, palpable, and intangible things. For instance, laughter is a feminine word. We are unable to touch laughter even though we can hear and feel it. History is also a feminine word. It is written down on the paper; it is spread from mouth to mouth.
Men And Women In Conversation Deborah Tannen Analysis
999 Words | 4 PagesCorinne LaLonde Professor Creighton CWP 102 8am March 8th, 2018 Critical Analysis of Men and Women in Conversation is Cross-Cultural Communication The issue of differences between men and women in conversation has been a subject of overreaching research, with various scholars in the subject of linguistics providing different views and conclusions. The current paper criticizes an excerpt of Deborah Tannen’s work, Men and Women in Conversation is Cross-Cultural Communication. In the exceprt of her work, Deborah Tannen, a professor of Linguistics, addresses linguistic differences as they relate to intimate male and female relations (Githens). While Tannen contributes significant literature to the study of linguistics, his work lacks clarity and
The Genderlect Theory: Explaining Communication Between Men And Women
1816 Words | 8 PagesOne of these perspectives is analyzing communication through gender. In the book, You Just Don’t Understand, Deborah Tannen (1990) popularized the term “genderlect” to describe the way in which men and women communicate with each other. She suggested that men and women have different styles of conversing, forming two distinct dialects. In a review of Tannen’s book, DeFrancisco (1992) attributed the differing communication styles of men and women to the respective cultures in which they grow up. Because of such gender differences, misunderstanding between men and women creates a gap in the communication process.
Media Essay: Gender Bias In The Media
3541 Words | 15 PagesWhen the topic of gender bias comes up, it’s usually within the context of women being the victims and that is going to be my main focus in this essay. Gender bias has a lot of implications on society which greatly affects the world as a whole and this is related to language because, language is the most common form of communication and it is a very powerful tool, which more often than not, is misused and misunderstood. The different media forms, as well as different media in countries, has an effect on our perception of gender. A new study conducted by The United Kingdom’s Economic and Social Research Council found out that
Misogyny: A Literature Review
1139 Words | 5 PagesWhile there is an increase in interest in gender and women studies, many controversies, deficits and gaps are existed in explaining the relationship between perceived gender factors, misogyny in the context of this paper, and women’s political participation through the lenses of comparative political frameworks. It becomes more vivid when discussing and analyzing political effects of gender on women running for offices and especially for the office of commander in chief. The following is a review of academic research, journals, books relating to women in politics and gender studies. This part begins with a review of past studies in the field of gender and misogyny, as well as their relation to political institution including gender stereotypes,
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