Formulaic Language Analysis

Learning how to communicate effectively in a specific language seems to be a challenging task. Infants and children in English language learning phase need obtain certain rules and methods in order to communicate effectively in English. Some linguistics like Noam Chomsky argued that infants are affected by the environment of sounds or noises around them in the wombs before they were born. Chomsky’s innate theory shows that humans has a genetic or native system of sounds production which they are born with. After they are born, they start to produce sounds such as crying, babbling and other different sounds. Specific sounds for particular needs and feelings trying to communicate with their caregivers. Parents will assume at this

Moreover, infant’s starts to what is called “Prelinguistic” stage of development as Crystal argued; which is the development stage of language learning and a slight awareness of the process of language acquisition (Crystal,1973, p.33). We shall see later in this essay what are the rules that infant English language learners need to acquire according the linguistic David Crystal in order to communicate successfully. While focusing on the longlists and the prosodic features of English language, I will be Elaborating Linguistic competence and linguistic performance concepts. Finally, approaching the elements of Formulaic language, rules of use and interactional routines. David Crystal argues that in order to achieve successful communicate in English, children must know vowels and consonants. During the pre-babbling and Intonation stage children try to produce sounds but the may not be able to make all human vowels because their vocal tract resembles more closely that of the great apes than of

As for competence, it’s the perfect ability that is found as a mental, logical property or function. Linguistic performance on the other hand is the creation of words and sounds. In other words, competence is making meaning and sense of the language and performance is how the language is used in practice. It is difficult to evaluate children performance and Competence individually. According to Chomsky, the competence theory must be developed in order to combine with the performance theory. Children’s competence contains the ability of understanding sentences they may not heard before which means ability of making sense. Linguistic competence contains phonetics, phonology, syntax, semantics and morphology. Moreover, performance is the actual output of language. Although it reflects competence, but it contains speech errors because of the memory limitation in children and distraction. Linguistic competence is the structure of linguistic awareness which is controlled by innate speakers of a language. In contrast ,Linguistic performance is the way that language structure is used to communicate. The theory is a part of the basics for Noam Chomsky’s Generative Grammar, though it has since been adopted and developed by other linguists. According to Chomsky, Competence is the "perfect" dialect framework that makes it possible for speakers to deliver and comprehend a limitless number of sentences in their