Language Learning Strategies Essay

Chapter two: Language learning strategies

1-Definition of language learning strategies:

Learning strategies are behaviors or thoughts that a Lerner engages in during learning that are intended to influence the learners encoding process (Weinstein Mayer, 1986, p.315). more specifically learning strategies are operation employed by the learner to aid the equation, storage, retrieval, and use of information specific actions taken by the learner to make learning easier, faster, more enjoyable, more self-directed, more effective and more transferable to new situations (Rebecca oxford, p. 8). learning strategy for L2s are “specific actions, behaviors, steps, or techniques such as seeking out conversation partners, or giving oneself encouragement to tackle a difficult language task used by students to

Creating structure for input and output can be achieved by three strategies: Taking notes which can be in a systematic form of the shopping list format, the T-formation, the semantic map, or the standard outline form, or summarizing, or highlighting (pp. 43-47).

1.3-Compensation strategies

According to (Rebecca Oxford.p.49) Compensation strategies are used to compensate for any limitations in knowledge. Categorized them into two categories, the first is guessing intelligently by using linguistic and non-linguistic clues; the other is overcoming limitations in speaking and writing.

The later is achieved by using any of eight strategies which are: (1) Switching to the first language.

(2) getting help by asking someone.

(3) using mime or gesture.

(4) avoiding communication when difficulties are anticipated.

(5) Selecting the topic to direct the conversation.

(6) adjusting and altering the message by making it simpler.

(7) Coining new words to get the message through.

(8) Using a synonym or describing the idea (p49).

2-1 Metacognitive