Laser Ablation Research Paper

2.1. Top-down method

For this class, CDs are generated from chemical or physical cutting processes of relatively macroscopic carbon structures, such as carbon nanotube, graphite column, graphene, suspended carbon powders, etc. Most of the cutting processes are nonselective. The mainly employed methods are Electrochemistry, chemical oxidation, laser ablation and arc-discharge method.

2.1.1. Laser Ablation

Laser ablation is a physical process used to generate nanoparticles. It involves the use of short pulses of laser energy focused on a target in a solvent. The target absorbs the energy from the laser pulse and is vaporized. The vaporized material then condenses as nanoparticles. Laser ablation generates nanoparticle dispersions that are free

After the triggering of the arc between two electrodes, a plasma is formed consisting of the mixture of carbon vapor, the rare gas (helium or argon), and the vapors of catalysts. The vaporization is the consequence of the energy transfer from the arc to the anode made of graphite doped with catalysts. The anode erosion rate is more or less important depending on the power of the arc and also on the other experimental conditions. It is noteworthy that a high anode erosion does not necessarily lead to a high carbon nanotube production. After oxidation of the crude material with M HNO3, the oxidized materials were extracted with alkaline solution (pH 8.4). The extracted materials were then purified by conducting gel

The term “hydrothermal/solvothermal process” is defined as performing chemical reactions in solvents contained in sealed vessels in which the temperature of solvents can be brought to around their critical points via heating concurrently with autogenous pressures. The process is referred to as “hydrothermal” when water is used as the solvent. In some cases, this term is also used to describe processes conducted at ambient conditions. The term “solvothermal process” is used when organics are used as