Introduction:
Left ventricle hypertrophy can cause congestive heart failure to the patient. Common cause of the disease is due to the hypertension. If left ventricle hypertrophy is untreated, it will easily causes congestive heart failure.
Abstract:
The reasons that why I setup this hypothesis is because the patient have chest pain, this pain may come from congestive heart failure. Besides, the patient has medical history, such as hypertension and diabetes which increase the chance of chronic heart failure. Moreover, the patient suffered from chest discomfort during midnight so he may suffer from chronic heart failure which easily exists when lying down at rest.
Mechanism of left ventricle hypertrophy:
First, left ventricle hypertrophy occurred due to the chronic hypertension or the pressure, it may reflect the physiological adaptation to increase the workload of the heart. Since the patient has hypertension which increases the afterload of the arteries which can lead the stroke volume decreases and the cardiac output decreases. To compensate this situation, heart rate will further increases. Therefore, the time for filling blood in left ventricle will decreases. In order to compensate the situation, left ventricle wall will get thicker and try to
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Besides, left ventricle hypertrophy can also affect the main pumping chamber with thickening of the septum which restricts the blood flow via the aorta to the rest of body. The obstruction decreases coronary perfusion pressure and decreases the cardiac output. Shortness of breath and chest pain are the common signs of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy. Most importantly, it may cause heart failure. In most cases, heart failure is due to diastolic dysfunction. This obstruction increased the systolic pressure of left ventricle and increased end-diastolic pressure with no increasing of stroke
Pathophysiology When Pulmonary Stenosis is present, resistant to blood flow cause right ventricular hypertrophy – right atrial pressure will increase – reopening of the foramen ovale, shunting of unoxygenated blood into the left atrium, systemic circulation. Clinical manifestation: Cyanosis, characteristic murmur , cardiomegaly . Treatment: Baloon angioplasty (neonate).
Figure 1 shows the electrocardiogram (ECG) after the angiography. A carotid endarterectomy was performed 5 months before due to an atheroembolic stroke. During the postoperative period, she presented atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response and amiodarone was added to her habitual treatment. Her current treatment is ASA 325 mg/day, atenolol 50 mg bid, enalapril 20 mg bid and amiodarone 200 mg bid. One month before the event she attended the outpatient clinic and an echocardiogram was performed, which showed: normal left ventricular dimensions, wall thickness mildly increased, normal left atrium and aorta, mild left ventricular dysfunction with an estimated ejection fraction of 50%, hypokinetic basal inferior and mid inferior segments and mitral inflow filling pattern of delayed relaxation (according to her age).
Initial discovery of diminished ventricular function permits adjustments in the chemotherapy regimen, either by increasing the break amid doses or by reducing the total cumulative dose of a theoretically toxic agent. Myocardial strain imaging allows detection of subclinical left ventricular systolic dysfunction before it manifests as heart failure symptoms or a reduction in left ventricular ejection
Cardiomyopathy can occur from the lack of dystrophin on the heart muscles. Cardiomyopathy makes it difficult for the patient to breathe. The heart becomes weak and swollen. It is not able to pump enough blood throughout the body, which will cause life-threatening results.
1.Congestive Heart Failure also known as (heart failure) is a life threatening condition. Heart Failure is caused when someone has a weak heart. It usually happens when the bodies blood pump to the heart is not pumping blood to the heart correctly.
• Inefficient pumping action. • Loss of arteriolar tone. • Abnormalities in volume and constituents of circulating blood. • Local disorders of the central nervous system. >
The capillary nail refill test is a quick test done on the nail bed. It is used to monitor dehydration and the amount of blood flow to tissue. If there is good blood flow to the nail bed, a pink color should return in less than 2 seconds after pressure is removed. There are a few important factors that can reduce the chances of a complication with diabetes Keep your blood pressure and cholesterol under control, don 't smoke, keep close watch on feet. It is important to keep close watch on the blood sugar, and proper administration of medications.
Christina Markevich 10/29/2015 Congestive Heart Failure What is Congestive Heart Failure? Congestive Heart Failure is something that occurs when the heart is no longer able to pump enough blood to the rest of the body, or when is just is not able to pump blood as well as it should. Some people happen to have either of these problems, some people have both.
Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure Heart failure occurs when the heart cannot pump enough blood for the body due to a weakened or damaged heart. The heart 's pumping action moves oxygen-rich blood as it travels from the lungs to the left atrium, then on to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body. The left ventricle supplies most of the heart 's pumping power, so it 's larger than the other chambers and essential for normal function. (American Heart Association). In left-sided or left ventricular heart failure, the left side of the heart must work harder to pump the same amount of blood.
Evidence of this can be seen within Mr Jensen’s post-operative assessment data. He has tachycardia of 107 bpm, his blood pressure is currently 104/55mmHg which is low, and he has an increased respiratory rate of 24 breaths per
Contractility is not directly determined; however, stroke volume index for right and left ventricles is used to estimate
1. Admit the patient using critical thinking skills to assess and prioritise nursing interventions related to Audrey’s. • Comfort and Safety. Audrey who is diagnosed with fractured left NOF (neck of femur) must be evaluated using pain assessment to obtain the optimal pain management intervention. Analgesics and non-pharmacologic approaches will be helpful to ease her pain and anxiety(Fink, 2000).
Because of this inability to contract effectively, the rest of the vital organs receive inadequate amount of blood resulting to inadequate tissue perfusion. There are two types of left-sided HF; systolic and diastolic failure. Systolic failure happens when the left ventricle doesn’t have the enough energy to pump normally the blood to the general circulation. As for diastolic failure, the left ventricle loses the ability to fill itself with blood during resting period resulting to inadequate amount of blood to be pumped out to the circulation (Weinrauch, 2008). The diastolic dysfunction will eventually lead to right-sided heart failure.
Congestive Heart Failure Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) is a clinical syndrome of worsening signs or symptoms of heart failure requiring hospitalization or other unscheduled medical care (Felker 2014). ADHF formerly known as congestive heart failure is one of the leading cause for hospitalizations in the United States. ADHF accounts for approximately 1 million hospitalizations per year in the United States (Arnold & Porepa 2012). According to the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure National Registry, patients hospitalized with ADHF have a substantial risk of in-hospital mortality and rehospitalization. Pathophysiology
Case Study 2: CHF Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a disease process in which the cardiac function as a pump cannot meet the body requirements resulting in fluid buildup in tissues such as arms, abdomen, limbs, and lungs. Symptoms can include fatigue, edema, dyspnea, and reduced tolerance to activities. Causes of CHF are cardiomyopathy, hypertension, and atherosclerosis, etc. Cardiomyopathy is an illness that affects the myocardium (heart muscles) and includes three types: dilated, hypertrophic, and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Managing a patient with this condition requires a proper treatment plan, techniques for education, and an all-inclusive teaching strategy.