Micah Davis
Dr. Robyn Waller
Intro to Ethics (PHL292-004)
11/20/2014
The Case Against Brain Scans for the Prediction of Personality Traits There is much cause for concern when someone mentions the idea of scanning someone’s brain for personality traits. People tend to desire personal privacy especially when one is considering their very thoughts, characteristics, and tendencies. Just because one might have violent tendencies does not mean he or she wants them displayed to anyone without his or her willing consent (“willing consent” in this case meaning without punishment for not consenting or without reward for consenting). Besides, it might be argued that one does not have to follow the genetics with which one was born. For example, a person who is born with a violent disposition might, through therapy, experiences, or simply maturation, never become violent in action. For reasons of autonomy and privacy, it is obvious that scanning one’s brain to determine character traits as well as judging one on these scans is immoral, however different that may be to the legal validity of the use of such a mechanism of determination. Since this is a paper on ethics, it shall simply focus on the moral, and not the legal, implications. But first,
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Another concern for morality is the possible implementation of neuroimaging to screen its citizens for possible psychopathy and violent tendencies and whether or not they should incarcerate those who are found to breach a certain threshold of tendencies for violence or other criminal tendencies such as pedophilia. Although the research may reach this point and legally it could be found valid within certain legal systems to implement the research for private companies or even for government use, the real question is whether or not it is moral to use such
“The professor of psychology at Michigan State University” (Szalavitz 1), “the research published in the journal Intelligence” (Szalavitz 1) are the sources that writer used to support his idea, so this give the reader a feeling that this article is really professional because all the resources he used were from big and approbatory organizations by credible people. Furthermore, there are many statics, “Only 30% of …” “34% of people are accounted for…” (Szalavitz 1), used in
The job of the “Commission was to identify the basic ethical principles that should underlie the conduct of biomedical and behavioral research involving human subjects and to develop guidelines which should be followed to assure that such research is conducted in accordance with those principles.” (The National Commission for the Protection of Human
Bioethicist, Tom Beauchamp argues that increasing diversity alters modern moral standards and developed the principles of bioethics as guidance for modern moral standards. Similarly, increasing diversity and globalization shifted medical moral standards regarding PAS, changing from unmoral to
C. Ben Mitchell, a professor of Moral Philosopher at the Union University, in his article, “On Human Bioenhancements” (200), argues against the use of human enhancement which has emerge questioning about, the principles of justice, and cultural complicity. Mitchell supports his argument by describing how this method is an unethical behavior by the medical community and how this new technology should not be implement anywhere in the future. His purpose is to persuade his readers not to support this new method which will have a negative effect within our society, and instead of helping our future generation it will destroy our human nature. The author’s audience likely consists of professors, college professors, parents, with some understanding
The brain accounts for the main portion of one’s personality: “The cerebrum is also the seat of intelligence and personality.” More specifically, the prefrontal cortex of the brain accounts for the personality of one person; therefore, biology is the reason for decisions as biology determines personality, and personality is a part of the decision making process. One instance of this may be seen in the Stanford Prison experiment, an experiment complete at Stanford, where several college students played the guards and some prisoners. From the experiment extreme treatment and abuse from the guards to the prisoners was seen; however, this abuse depended on the guard, “Not all of the guards showed sadistic tendencies, with some seeking to actively help prisoners and show sympathy towards them.” (Shuttlewarth).
Moreover, a PBS series “Brains on Trial with Alan Alda” the question is asked do you have the right of your own thoughts? With FMRI medical technology neuroscientist can look into
Mr. Shanabrook AP Psychology 16 August 2017 HW #1: Unit 1 Homework- Who’s Who John Locke • Philosopher from England (Late 1600’s) • Created Tabula Rasa- the theory that you are born as a “blank slate” and that your (early) experiences create who you are as a person • Believes in Nature on the Nature vs. Nurture debate • Rewards and Punishments Enthusiast • Social Contract Theory- an unwritten agreement between a person and a group (such as a person accepts safety from their country) John B. Watson • American Phycologist (Late 1800s to mid 1900’s) • Endorsed Behaviorism- environment creates behavior of person • Claimed that Psychology is the science of just human behavior • His beliefs were influenced by his father’s abandonment of him as
Clinical trials have been a boon to modern medicine by broadening the knowledge surrounding disease plaguing the human race and providing a tangible measure of the success and symptoms of treatments to combat these diseases. However each progression in science comes with unintended consequences, in the case of clinical trials it was corruption at the expense of the human volunteers. The Tuskegee Study, conducted by the U.S. Public Health Service and Tuskegee Institute in 1932, is an infamous example of clinical trials crossing the ethical line. However what is ethics? As noted by The Basics of Social Research by Earl Babbie, ethics are a social construction and subjective.
Which gives some interest to readers to read about the research paper: for instance, moral psychology, moral enhancement, moral decision making, moral judgment, oxytocin, propranolol, or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. By reading the keyword we can gust to whom the paper was written for. Since the paper always discus about moral. We may end up to this result that this paper audience has a background of psychology and phiscartiy. Rhetorical appeals
(2009) and Fridlund et al. (2012) respectively. However, these hypotheses have gained much traction in the wider psychological community despite Powell, Digdon, Harris and Smithson (in press) theorizing a much more compelling candidate, Albert Barger. Ethics in psychology is a contemporary consideration and this fresh perspective has dictated a popular practice of re-examining the ethics of historical experiments with superfluous criticism. It is plausible that the outrage over possible unethical practice has distracted from the more parsimonious option presented by Powell et al.
Questions of morality are abstract and extremely touchy. They are subject to enduring debates regarding its origins, nature, and limits, with no possibility of a consensus. Although the theories on morality often pursue diverse angles, among the most interesting ones that have come up in recent times revolve around the question whether human beings are born with an innate moral sense. Some scholars hold the view that humans are born with an inherent sense of morality while others believe the opposite that humans are not born with an innate moral sense holds true. By using Steven Pinker’s
Although the experimentation of animals has furthered medical knowledge, it should not be allowed because it is brutal and animals are unable to give their approval. In order to do a study on humans it must be authorized by them, where animals are unable to give consent, which strikes questions in the world of science on whether this is morally acceptable. Although animal experimentation can result in saving the lives of millions, many find it to be cruel and unjust. Seeing as animals are unable to speak for themselves, they are still able to express their emotions through their behavior.
What are the measures for being a human being? Is there any morally relevant break along the biological process of development from the unicellular zygote to birth? In this essay I will discuss why physician should recommend prenatal testing for severe birth defect even if it might encourages abortion therefore I do not agree with the statement above. My argument will based on the following ethical principles and theories: Utilitarianism, Respect for Autonomy and Virtue Firstly I will introduce what each of these ethical theories and principles mean and their implication on this argument. Utilitarianism “Act utilitarianism is solely concerned with achieving the maximum good.
Any study that involves subjects concerning human beings should be approved first from the ethics committee before being effected (Chiarelli & Cockburn, 2002). Further, if the paper ever sought for ethical approval is not being mentioned in any section of the article concerning its ethical issues. This is one of the pitfalls noticed at the beginning of the
Medical Research has the potential to advance society and make life better for everyone in it. However, the ends cannot justify the means; the rights of the subjects of research cannot be violated no matter the possible benefit to mankind. Despite this, time and time again, it has been very easy for, at least allegedly well-meaning scientists to violate the rights of their research subjects because they wanted to help society as a whole. Such experiments were not performed in secret by a minority of scientists; they were often done “by respected investigators at leading medical institutions and were published in medical journals (Scandals and Tragedies 3). " It is vital that we understand the circumstances of these experiments and why they happened so