Legionella Research Paper

Smallpox was the most serious poxvirus disease in humans, caused by Variola virus (VARV). It was spread by inhalational exposure of oral, nasal or pharyngeal droplets that contained the virus and initially caused influenza like symptoms such as fever of at least 38.3°C, muscle pain, malaise, headache and prostration. After 10-14 days incubation the classic poxvirus rash would appear on the face, all four limbs, mucous membranes of the mouth, tongue, palate and throat. When visible lesions first observed, temperature falls to near normal, and the lesions rapidly enlarged and ruptured, developing from macules to papules and eventually pustules that dried up and crusted over by 14 to 16 days if the patient survived. By day 16-20, scabs would form

Smallpox is a contagious disease caused by the variola virus. The variola virus is the causative agent of smallpox. It can infect humans due to its ability to bypass the human’s immune responses and complement activation. Smallpox gets its name from pus-filled blisters that form during the illness. It was one of the world’s most devastating diseases known to humanity. Smallpox was responsible for an estimated 300-500 million deaths during the 20th century.

Colistin is an antibiotic that works best against Gram-negative bacteria. It works by binding to LPSs (lipopolysaccrides) and phospholipids in the outer cell membrane of the bacteria. This, in turn, disrupts the outer cell membrane by displacing cations and leaking the intracellular contents, combining it with outer cellular contents, causing the bacteria to be unable to differentiate the bacteria’s intra and outer cellular contents from one another. This ultimately leads to the bacteria’s death.

Lyme disease is an infection caused by the Borrelia burgdorferi bacteria, and it can be transmitted to humans through Ixodes tick.1 A person who is bitten by a tick that carries the infectious bacteria can develop Lyme disease if the tick has been attached to the body for at least 24 hours.1 An individual will typically develop a rash within 3 to 30 days after receiving a tick bite.2 This rash is characterized by its ring or bulls-eye like appearance. 2 Other early signs of Lyme disease include fever, muscle soreness, headache, fatigue and swollen glands.2 If Lyme disease is not treated in its early stages, it can cause more severe symptoms that impact the brain, nervous system, muscles, joints,

Back before the 1890’s Clostridium perfringens used to be known as Clostridium welchii. F.W. Andrews and E. Klein discovered that Clostridium perfringens was associated with food poisoning, and in just a couple years specifically 1892, this microorganism would be found in different types of gangrene, appendicitis, puerperal fever, and enteritis. (3) .. Gas gangrene was very widespread in World War 1, complicating 6% of open fractures and 1% of all open

Legionnaries’ disease is caused by inhalation of a specific Legionella bacterium. The causative agent of Legionnaries’ disease is Legionella pneumophila. These microscopic bacteria are often found in water. Legionella bacteria occur naturally in the environment. Legionella bacteria thrive in warm water environments such as improperly maintained hot tubs, cooling towers, large plumbing systems and hot water tanks. Symptoms of Legionnaries’ disease are very similar to pneumonia and includ high fever, cough, dyspnea, and generalized muscle and headaches. Legionella bacteria can be inhaled in fine water mists where they can infect the lungs. Many people infected with the bacteria will not show symptoms at all while those who develop Legionnaries’

squirrels, camels, and sheep. The bacteria can be found mainly in rats and in the

Most people who were born prior to the 1990s at one point in their life acquired Varicella, also known as chicken pox. I remember having chicken pox when I was in elementary school. I remember how prevalent it was, especially in school-aged children. Now, as an adult I have noticed that there isn’t many children who get this infectious disease. This is due to a vaccine that was licensed in 1995 (“Varicella”). Despite the fact that there is a vaccine, there are still outbreaks of Varicella.

Salmonella enterica is a bacterium that causes salmonellosis which is a type of food poisoning. There are two types of this bacterium: Typhimurium and Enteritidis. Salmonella Enteritidis is the most common type found in the United States. It is considered a gram negative and rod-shape bacteria. It mostly affects cattle, poultry, and domestic cats.

Hi I'm Affia Chohan and this is Peter Nicholls, trainee medical scientists working at Flinders Medical Centre in the Department of Infectious Diseases. We’d like to share a case report of a recent Legionnaires’ disease outbreak which has been handed down to our department for investigation. We will give you a thorough understanding of how the source was located and controlled as well as go into depth as to how to prevent similar outbreaks from occurring again in the future. So I'm pretty sure many of you'se would be unfamiliar with what Legionnaire's disease is, so Peter will therefore take a moment to define what it is and give you a brief insight into its most common origin of infection and the symptoms that follow.

V cholerae: Treat infected individuals and contacts. Doxycycline is the first-line antibiotic, and erythromycin is second-line antibioti

Klebsiella pneumonia or also known as Friedlanders bacillus is a disease that is found in humans and animals. The genus is named after Edwin Klebs a 19th century German Microbiologist. Klebsiella forms in soil and the water on plants. K. pneumonia is found in the digestive and respiratory systems causing lobar pneumonia, meningitis if spread into the blood stream, urinary tract infections, and would infections. Klebsiella is part of the family Enterobacteriaceae and belongs to the genus Klebsiella. This bacterium is nonmotile, lactose fermenting, rod-shaped, and a gram-negative bacilli. K. pneumonia is facultative anaerobic meaning they can grow with or without oxygen. They do not form spores and are capable of forming capsules.

Cephalosporins are antimicrobial drugs that were first discovered in 1945 by Giuseppe Brotzu. Brotzu was a University of Cagliari professor and a Sardinia government official who worked to eradicate malaria. It was found that cultures of fungi called Cephalosporium acremonium, which came from sewage water, could inhibit the growth of other bacteria. Since then, many cephalosporin drugs have been formulated, among them the third generation cephalosporin, which has a broader spectrum of activity.

Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) also known as Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are mostly gotten and acquired via sexual intercourse in an unprotected way in which great numbers of people engage in. There are different types of sexually transmitted diseases, most of which are contracted via the vaginal sex, oral sex or anal sex. Oral STD is usually not limited to age, class or sex and other factors because once a person comes in contact with the fluid which contains the pathogen, he / she is infected with it. The most reoccurring STDs of the mouth are syphilis, Chlamydia and herpes virus. Sexually Transmitted Diseases of the mouth mostly affects the oral region of the body and gives rise to sore and pain in the mouth with fluid discharge in some occasion.

Chicken pox is a skin condition that is brought about by the varicella zoster virus or VZV. This is a virus that is similar to the herpes virus, bringing about herpes zoster and chicken pox among children. Chicken pox treatment should be sought out since the red spots could soon develop into uncontrollable blisters which would become sores, then crust.