The article ‘Lifeboat Ethics: The Case Against Helping the Poor’ was first published in an American magazine Psychology Today by Garrett Hardin in September 1974. Hardin, a doctorate in microbiology from the Stanford University, has been regarded as one of the principal neoconservative intellectuals who tried to infuse the sense of science in the society through prognosis based on behavioral economics. He has lectured at various universities including the University of California besides writing scholarly articles and books on the synthesis of bioethics, economics and population growth. The article lifeboat ethics was published at a time when the United States experienced a political neoconservative movement that aimed at promoting the self-interests …show more content…
Hardin adopted an extremely rigid tone but completely disregarded the fact that this poverty in which the developing countries were drowning was inherited by them when the developed countries started colonizing in search of gold and silver, and interfering in the political affairs. In addition, he failed to address how the US was conspiring against Iraq and planning a military invasion to usurp the oil reserves to nurture their own boat. Moreover, Hardin claimed that if the developing economies were to develop, they should learn by experience. However, he made a vague argument and contradicted his own statement by saying that the rulers are corrupt and incompetent, thereby, creating a logical fallacy and defending it in a superficial and controversial way by saying, “The concept of blame is simply not relevant here” (Hardin 20). Thus, Hardin overlooked the fact that how these developing countries would learn by experience when the corrupt leaders are not willing to …show more content…
Although, the tone used by Hardin is extremely daunting but the significance of the article required a rigid tone, however, the lack of moral ethics and emotions portrayed an inhumane and anti-charity image of Hardin. Despite the strong claims made by Hardin, the one-sided nature of his article displayed the signs of biasness and selfishness without throwing any light towards the other side of the picture i.e. the developing world. Due to all these inadequacies in Hardin’s article, Hardin has been unable to put up a constructive argument despite the distinguished use of the rhetorical appeals of ethos, pathos and logos. This article clearly demonstrates Hardin’s frustration towards the philanthropic humanitarians of the society but the unfair use of derogatory language and presumptuous claims on part of the developing world has aroused a sense of negativity in his article, which if avoided, would have helped the article to achieve its main aim of raising awareness and
Ehrenreich discusses poverty in the United States and more specifically the “culture of poverty”. Ehrenreich shows the effect of Michael Harringtons’s book “The Other America” and how it shaped the conservative view of poverty. After Harrington’s book, poverty was seen as personal issue not a social issue. The book gave reasoning for sepperating us from them, poor from rich, or educated from non-educated. Many governing politicians used this book to form there view of poverty and to see it as a problem with the person, not a problem with economics or wealth distribution.
In the aforementioned warfare, the US not only sent its army to legitimize its sovereignty over Afghanistan and Iraq, but it also conspired to take democratization as an excuse to uncover its real intention of gaining profit. To recapitulate, not only does imperialism exist in Belgian Congo in the eighteenth and nineteenth century, but also in Middle-East in the twenty-first
Kansas Governor Sam Brownback and Louisiana dictator Huey Long, two very powerful people with two very different extremes. Long and Brownback both have similar and dissimilar ideas when it comes to their ideology, policies-principles and their constituents reactions. From “Every Man a King” to “Let's create a legal system that can work.” both governors change lives. Samuel Dale "Sam" Brownback is an American politician currently serving as Governor of Kansas.
Hardin strongly appeals to logos to show his readers that rich countries like the United States shouldn’t help poor countries because it would continue the growth rate of poor countries and will leave future generations with a poor quality of life. One way he does this is by using statistics. While discussing at the beginning the metaphor of lifeboats and explaining the gap between the population of rich countries compared to poor countries Hardin says, “On average poor countries undergo a population a 2.5 increase in population each year; rich countries about 0.8 percent” (par. 28). This is effective because it is makes the reader realize that poor countries are taking over population wise; therefore, are in need of more resources than we are. That means that if we want to help poor countries we have to share with them, but
Hardin calls this idea the tragedy of the commons. One of his first arguments is that the rich countries cannot help these poor countries forever because they are growing at around three times the rate. Hardin sees Institutions like the world food bank to be a waste of resources. Rich countries will not be able to one day feed the faster growing poor populations. He also has issue with the world
By challenging common assumptions and being ethical he effectively claims that the solution to solving these global hunger problems is foreign assistance. Paarlberg shows Pathos, Ethos and Logos through the thought of unravelling worldwide starvation by being realistic of the view on pre-industrial food and farming. Pathos is clearly evident in Paarlberg’s article through the presentation of the food insecurity problem in Africa and Asia. He uses impassioned words as an attempt to reach out to his target audience on a more emotional level by agitating and drawing sympathy of whole food shoppers and policy makers. Paarlberg employs Pathos during the article when he says, “The majority of truly undernourished people -- 62 percent, according to the U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization -- live in either Africa or South Asia, and most are small farmers or rural landless laborers living in the countryside of Africa and South Asia” (page 611-12).
Singer is no stranger to writing moral arguments, having written many different books and articles in the past on a wide range of ethical debates. “The Singer Solution to World Poverty,” originally printed in the New York Times in the fall of 1999 just before Singer began to work at Princeton University, is intended for the common man, a middle-class citizen who makes average wages and reads popular newspapers. As Singer is a professor of ethics, the article is structured around the
In the article “How I Discovered the Truth about Poverty” Barbara Ehrenreich gives her view in poverty and explains why she think Michael Harington’s book “The Other American” gives a wrong view on poverty. She explained that Harrington believes that the poor thought and felt differently and what divides the poor was their different “culture of poverty.” Ehrenreich goes on to explain on how the book that became a best seller caused so many bad stereotypes on the poor that by the Reagan era poverty was seen as “bad attitudes” and “faulty lifestyles” and not by the lack of jobs or low paying jobs. And they also viewed the poor as “Dissolute, promiscuous, prone to addiction and crime, unable to “defer gratification,” or possibly even set an alarm clock.”
Benjamin thinks that just because people are born in a poor country does not mean they are still not human beings and should be aided by the US. He said the “United States has always been a humanitarian people’. (350) Both of these writer’s are not in agreement when it comes to population control either. Walter says Garret did not consider some possible solutions to the overpopulation like family planning, and ZPG (Zero Population Growth) (347-348). Hardin writes that poor country’s have higher population growth than rich countries and that if we send them food they’re population will grow even higher but if we don’t there population will be “checked by crop failures and famines” (423).
Hardin contends that in the event that we keep up the present pattern of help, individuals may leave a destroyed world for the accompanying eras. This leads the audiences’ to
Kidd recounts Tom Longboat as a controversial Amateur and Professional Indigenous marathon runner who began racing in 1905 and after many years of fighting racism against Indigenous people, he began paving the way for his people in sport, and retired after World War 1. During Longboats generation the Indian act was implemented trying to rid the Indigenous peoples of their heritage, language, and their identities. Longboat on the other hand, was stubborn, and fought the attempts to ‘Christianize’ him, which resulted in backlash from the organizations, fans, and committees involved with the sport. The article mentions that many described Longboat as destined for tragedy, as he would blow his earnings on liquor, clothes, and foolish investments (Kidd, pg. 517). At the time, there was a stigma where ‘Indians’
“Is Survival Selfish” is an argumentative text written by Lane Wallace. The text focuses on the question of whether survival is an act of selfishness or intelligence. Author Wallace also draws your attention to whether saving someone in dire situations is altruism or idiocy. Throughout the story, the author provides evidence in means to support her claim and reasons. Wallace believes that “self-preservation” isn’t always instinctual and there are many factors involved, including the fact that every survival testing situation is different.
Hardine declared the metaphor “spaceship” can be dangerous when used by misguided idealists, sharing our resources with uncontrolled immigration and foreign aid would consider to be the ethics of a lifeboat. He gave a logical reasoning about if we help all the swimmer to get on the boat, the boat will drown and we all die. Also “when we let an extra 10 into our lifeboat, we will have lost our “safety factor”, this is true, if we don’t leave space for safety factor, even us can face some catastrophic consequences. He said “since the world’s resources are dwindling , the difference in prosperity between the rich and the poor can only increase”, the poor nations reproductive rate is a lot greater than the rich, and so helping the poor probably will lead to more poor people. In “the tragedy of commons” , he concluded “only the replacement of the system of the commons with a responsible system of control will save the land, air, water and ocean fisheries” which an accurate statement for “commons” can be diminish overtime if no one take the responsibility to care for it.
In the movie Crimson Tide, we look to the question ethical decisions, and what someone would do when thrown into a situation that made them question themselves, and who they serve for. In this example, when serving in the United States Military, once a solider is given orders, that solider must follow the orders out and not to question them. The trust between the solider and the higher command giving orders is almost based on blind faith. The solider relies on the higher commands decision of protecting democracy, even if someone, or a lot of people are killed. Is it an ethical decision to follow a commander’s order even if it means killing mass numbers of innocent civilians?
Nevertheless, Hardin does not succeed in persuading the readers of his viewpoints, as Hardin fails to provide enough evidence to support his controversial arguments. In the article, Hardin discusses the principles behind supporting poor countries and how it can substantially hinder the growth and prosperity of the rich countries. Initially, the author provides two metaphors, the widely accepted spaceship metaphor and his own lifeboat metaphor, explicating why his lifeboat metaphor is more realistic. After that, the author elucidates to his audience how the rate of population growth in poorer countries is much greater than the rate of growth of rich countries, and how with the