Limitations Of Urbanization In India

INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION

The hazards and disaster are not area specific and their vulnerability is high in urban center where the concentration of population is high. The cities of India are experiencing the high rate of population growth. Thus so often these cities expose the limitations and constraints in terms of their squatter settlements, lack of infrastructure amenities such as drainage, water supply, sanitation, transportation and social services and congestion. There are many examples in the mega cities, which characterize by aggravation of this problem due to occurrence of some natural events and hazards. Thus the lack of proper physical planning and the infrastructural constraint in the urban cities aggravate the severity of

The process of urbanization is linked with the economic development, which makes an increasingly higher contribution of the national economy. However, when the growth of urban population takes place at an exceptionally rapid rate, most cities and towns are unable to cope with changing situations due to their internal resources constraints and management limitations. Provision of infrastructure services viz., water drainage and sanitation along with waste disposal are greatest concern to human settlements. Failure to provide these services adequately results in many of well-known costs of rapid urbanization: threats to health, loss of urban productivity and environmental quality. On one hand, pressures for modernization give rise to continuous development activities, which deplete natural resources. On the other hand, deficiency in the coverage and delivery of urban infrastructures are seriously affecting the general environment and reducing urban efficiency with adverse

Due to rapid urbanisation process, the city is emerging as most populated city and this trend generates numerous economic and social externalities and social cost such as deterioration of environmental quality, increased pollution and congestion.

 Water logging due to storm water is one of the major problem of Mehsana city and intensity of this problem is increasing day by day. Causes of water logging in term of its topography, carrying capacity of the drainage line and the obstruction of natural drainage due to built structure will be assessed.

SECOND STAGE:- LITERATURE STUDY

 In this stage we referred numbers of research paper related to storm water logging, ArcGIS software, DEM, drainage network design, run-off calculation of the study area and some other research paper related to our topic. We have studied water logging problem of different areas due to storm water and design of drainage network in that area.

THIRD STAGE: - DATA COLLECTION

 We collect the rainfall data from the state water data centre, Gandhinagar.

 We collect existing drainage map from Municipal Corporation of Mehsana. It is in AutoCAD format.

 We collect contour map of study area from survey of India,